荣成月湖冬季水鸟群落变化及其原因初探  

Reasons for changes in wintering birds community composition in Yuehu lake of Rongcheng

作　　者：张月侠 吕艳 赛道建 ZHANG Yuexia;LYU Yan;SAI Daojian(Nature Department,Shandong Museum,Jinan 250014,China;Institute of Environment and Ecology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东博物馆自然部,山东济南250014 [2]山东师范大学环境与生态研究院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期32-37,43,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目。

摘　　要：2011年至2020年对月湖冬季水鸟进行调查,共记录到鸟类34种,隶属于7目10科,其中雁鸭类水鸟种类和数量占绝对优势,分别为48.28%和95.16%,大天鹅、绿头鸭、红头潜鸭和翘鼻麻鸭为常见优势种。十年内冬季水鸟总数呈上升趋势,然而丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数等多种指数具有下降的趋势,指数的下降主要与常见种类数量减少、少见种类种数减少有关。结合现场观察情况,这种变化受湖边公路的修建、游人数量的变化及投喂行为等的影响。该研究为评估生态环境改变和人类经济活动对月湖冬季鸟类群落结构的影响奠定基础,也为天鹅湖国家级保护区月湖湿地的保护和管理提供科学依据。The investigations of waterbirds in winter of Yuehu lake were conducted from 2011 to 2020.During the investigations,34 species were recorded,which belonged to 7 orders and 10 families.The species and number of Anseriformes were absolutely dominant,accounting for 48.28%and 95.16%,respectively.Dominant species Cygnus cygnus,Anas platyrhynchos,Aythya ferina and Tadorna tadorna were recorded every year.The number of waterbirds in winter of Yuehu lake had been rising in the last ten years,but the richness index,diversity index and evenness index were declining every year.The index drop was mainly caused by a decline in the number of less common species and common species.This change was affected by the construction of the lakeside road,the change of the number of visitors and feeding behavior.This study lay a foundation for assessing the effects of human economic activities and ecological environment changes on the community structure of overwintering bird in the Yuehu lake,and also provides scientific basis for the protection and management of Yuehu wetland in Rongcheng Whooper Swan National Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：荣成 月湖 冬季鸟类 群落组成 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学]