水稻耐盐碱生理与遗传机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Physiological and Genetic Mechanism of Saline-Alkali Tolerance in Rice

作　　者：韩笑 马文东 王桂玲[1,2] 周雪松 陆文静[1,2] 刘乃生 HAN Xiao;MA Wen-dong;WANG Gui-ling;ZHOU Xue-song;LU Wen-jing;LIU Nai-sheng(Jiamusi Experimental Station,Northeast Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice,Jiamusi 154026,China;Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154026,China)

机构地区：[1]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北中心佳木斯试验站,黑龙江佳木斯154026 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第8期62-67,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项--寒地水稻种质资源创制与应用(HNK2019CX02)。

摘　　要：水稻作为我国最重要的粮食作物,正面临着种植区盐碱化加剧、种植面积减少的问题.盐碱胁迫下水稻发芽率明显降低,发芽延后,幼苗生长迟缓,穗数、千粒重等指标下降,严重影响水稻的产量和品质,进而影响我国的粮食安全.为了加深对水稻耐盐碱遗传机制的认识,从而提高水稻品种的耐盐碱能力,培育优良耐盐碱水稻新品种.本文分析了盐碱胁迫对水稻不同生育期农艺性状和生理机制的影响,并从渗透调节、离子平衡、抗氧化保护和激素调节等方面概述了近年来水稻耐盐碱生理机制和耐盐碱遗传机制的研究进展,并对今后水稻耐盐碱研究进行了展望.如加强针对水稻全生育期的耐盐碱研究,耐盐碱品种筛选要考虑品种整个生育期的综合表现,具体耐盐碱品种改良盐碱地的交互作用机制和具体应用还需要进一步深入研究.Rice,as the most important food crop in my country,is facing the problem of increasing salinization in planting areas and decreasing planting area.Under saline alkali stress,the germination rate of rice was significantly reduced,the germination was delayed,the growth of seedlings was slow,the number of ears,1000-grain weight and other indicators decreased,which seriously affected the yield and quality of rice then affects the food security of our country;In order to deepen the understanding of genetic mechanism of saline alkali tolerance in rice,improve the saline alkali tolerance ability of rice varieties,and cultivate good saline alkali tolerance new rice varieties.This paper analyzed the effects of saline alkali stress on agronomic traits and physiological mechanisms of rice at different growth stages,and summarized the recent research on the physiological mechanisms of rice saline alkali tolerance from four regulatory pathways,including osmotic regulation,ion balance,antioxidant protection,and hormone regulation.Finally,the research progress of the genetic mechanism of salinity tolerance was briefly described,and the future research on salinity tolerance in rice was prospected.It is necessary to strengthen the research on saline alkali tolerance in the whole growth period of rice,the comprehensive performance of varieties in each period should be considered in the selection of saline-alkali tolerant varieties,and the interaction mechanism and specific application of saline alkali tolerant varieties in improving saline alkali land need in-depth research and analysis.

关 键 词：盐碱化 盐碱胁迫 耐盐碱机理 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]