禾本科植物盐腺的结构和功能研究进展  

Research Progress on Structure and Function of Salt Glands in Poaceae

作　　者：侯本福 姜树坤[3,4] 杨传铭 杨贤莉 王立志 刘凯[4,5] HOU Ben-fu;JIANG Shu-kun;YANG Chuan-ming;YANG Xian-li;WANG Li-zhi;LIU Kai(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region/Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage,Harbin 150023,China;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China;Northeast Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/黑龙江省作物生理生态重点实验室/黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150023 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [4]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第8期74-78,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2020C098);黑龙江省农业科学院院级科研项目(2020JCQN001,2020FJZX049,2021CQJC003)。

摘　　要：利用盐腺将植株地上部分携带的过量盐分排出体外,是耐盐植物适应土壤盐碱化的重要机制之一。大量的国内外研究表明,耐盐禾本科植物中存在典型的盐腺结构。为探明禾本科作物的耐盐碱机制,从而改良其耐盐碱功能,本文概述了禾本科植物盐腺的形态和结构、禾本科植物典型双细胞型盐腺的排盐机制、双细胞型盐腺向体外排出离子的功能特点,以及影响盐腺排盐能力的因素,并对今后深入开展盐腺的研究进行了展望。盐腺的抗逆功能可以提高禾本科植物的抗盐性和抗重金属性,平衡作物体内的离子和重金属含量,最终能够提高作物的产量和品质。禾本科植株盐腺对光合作用和病虫害抵抗作用的机理将成为未来研究的热点。The use of salt glands to excrete excess salt carried by the aboveground parts of plants is one of the important mechanisms for salt-tolerant plants to adapt to soil salinization.A large number of domestic and foreign studies have shown that there are typical salt gland structures in salt-tolerant plants of Poaceae.In order to find out the salinity and alkali tolerance mechanisms of gramineous crops and improve their salinity and alkali tolerane function.This article provided an overview of the morphology and structure of the salt glands of the Poaceae,mechanism of salt excretion in typical bicellular salt glands of Poaceae,functional characteristics of two-celled salt glands expelling ions from the body,factors affecting the ability of salt excretion and prospect of further development of salt gland utilization in the future.The stress resistance function of salt glands can improve the salt resistance and heavy metal resistance of gramineous plants,balance the content of ions and heavy metals in crops,and finally improve the yield and quality of crops.The mechanism of salt excreted from the salt glands of gramineous plants on photosynthesis and resistance to pests and diseases will be a research hotspot in the future.

关 键 词：禾本科 盐腺 结构 排盐 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]