桃园迹地建园对富士苹果植株生长发育和光合荧光特性的影响  

Effects of peach orchard soil on plant growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Fuji apple

作　　者：刘恩太 吕毅 刘宇松 相立 姜伟涛 尹承苗[1] 毛志泉[1] LIU Entai;Lü Yi;LIU Yusong;XIANG Li;JIANGWeitao;YIN Chengmiao;MAO Zhiquan(Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Promotion Center of Fruit Technology of Penglai Distict,Yantai 265600,Shandong,China;Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai 264200,Shandong,China;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018 [2]烟台市蓬莱区果业技术推广中心,山东烟台265600 [3]威海市农业科学院,山东威海264200 [4]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第8期1382-1389,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ008);泰山学者资助项目(ts20190923)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨桃园迹地建园对苹果植株生长、叶片光合特性、保护酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响。【方法】以富士苹果为试材,设对照(桃园旁小麦迹地新植苹果植株)和处理(桃园迹地新植苹果植株),通过测定不同处理苹果植株生长特性、叶片相关指标、果实产量及品质,探究桃园迹地建园对苹果植株的影响。【结果】与对照相比,处理苹果植株冠幅、新梢长度、成枝率、节间长度、叶面积、单叶质量、叶片保护酶活性均不同程度显著降低,而MDA、H_(2)O_(2)、O_(2)^(-)、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量显著增加,净光合速率、叶片荧光淬灭参数F_(v)’/F_(m)’、Φ_(PSⅡ)和ETR均显著降低,1-qP、NPQ显著增加,2017年至2021年每666.7 m^(2)产量均不同程度显著减少,苹果果实光洁度、糖酸比均显著降低。【结论】桃园迹地条件下,苹果植株叶片内抗氧化酶系统与活性氧之间动态平衡被打破,PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率降低,净光合速率下降,苹果植株生长受到抑制,果实产量、糖酸比值和光洁度均不同程度显著降低。【Objective】The phenomenon of transforming peach orchard into apple orchard is commonin production.However,the components in the previous soil are complex,and their impact on the subsequentplants cannot be predicted.There have been few reports on the impact of the peach orchard soilon the growth and fruiting of the later crop of apple trees.The Fuji/Malus robusta plants were selectedas the test materials.The effects of peach orchard soil on the plant growth characteristics,leaf protectiveenzymes,leaf photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of apple trees,the yield and quality of Fuji appleswere studied.【Methods】The effects of peach orchard soil on the growth,photosynthesis,yield and qualityof Fuji apples were studied under field conditions.The treatment was apple trees planted in thepeach orchard soil.The control was apple trees planted in the farmland soil nearby.The indexes of appleplant growth characteristics included plant height,trunk girth,crown width,new shoot length,germinationrate,branching rate,short branch rate,flower branch rate and internode length,etc.The relatedindexes of apple leaves included leaf area,leaf fresh mass,chlorophyll(a+b)content,net photosyntheticrate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci),actual PSⅡefficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)),efficiency of light energy capture by open PSⅡreaction centers(F_(v)’/F_(m)’),non-photochemical quenching of PSⅡ(NPQ),quantum yield of PSⅡelectron transport(ETR),photochemical quenching of PSⅡ(qP),superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and ascorbicacid peroxidase,membrane permeability,hydrogen peroxide,superoxide ion,soluble sugar and proline.The related indexes of apple quality included fruit hardness,fruit shape index,smoothness,coloring indexand sugar acid.The active potassium content,active phosphorus content,total N content,organicmatter content and pH value of soil were also tested.【Results】Compared with the control,the crownwidth,new shoot length,branching rate and i

关 键 词：富士苹果 桃园土壤 光合 荧光 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]