梨树枝条腐解过程中土壤有机质、氮和磷含量的变化  

Changes of soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the process of pear branch decomposition

作　　者：钟雅漩 如克艳木·买提司地克 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪 图然妮萨·麦提图尔荪 ZHONG Yaxuan;Ruyanmu·Maitistic;Ekbal·Irahon;Turnisa·Matiturum(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第8期1390-1396,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：2021年海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY152)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨室内混合培养状态下,不同树龄库尔勒香梨树枝条腐解过程中土壤有机质、氮和磷含量的变化。【方法】采集果园内库尔勒香梨枝条模拟还田后进行为期150 d的室内混合培养。【结果】不同树龄库尔勒香梨树枝条模拟还田腐解过程中对土壤养分含量的影响存在差异。还田处理与同期对照相比,均达到显著性水平(p<0.05)。其中处理1和处理2相较于对照有机质、全氮和有效磷含量的平均值都增加,分别增加2.16倍和1.93倍、61%和59%、5.88倍和6.88倍;两处理相较于对照碱解氮含量的平均值提升表现基本一致,以处理2最佳;处理1和处理2相较于对照全磷含量的平均值虽有提高但不明显。【结论】梨树枝条腐解过程中土壤有机质、氮和磷含量均有提升,提升效果整体表现为10 a(年)树龄优于5 a树龄。修剪枝条还田为解决果园有机肥短缺的问题提供可靠的理论依据,并为提高土壤肥力、改良果园根际微域环境提供技术支撑。【Objective】The experiment was to investigate the changes of soil organic matter,N and P contents in the process of Kuerlexiangli pear branch decomposition by indoor mixed culture.In order to improve the soil and increase the yield of Kuerlexiangli pear,the period with the highest nutrient content was found within 150 days.【Methods】This experiment was to collect 5 and 10 years old branches from Awati farm in Korla city.After the original soil in the pear orchard was collected and brought back to the laboratory,indoor mixed culture was conducted for 150 days.The method for collecting the branches was to randomly select robust 5-year-old and 10-year-old pear trees in three Kuerlexiangli pear orchards.For each individual tree,plant samples were collected from the upper,middle and lower parts of the canopy in four different directions of east,west,south and north according to different levels and orientations.Healthy and disease-free branches were selected and cut into a length of<1 cm,and then the samples in different directions were mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain mixed samples.The soil samples in three orchards were randomly selected according to the“S”curve to collect from 40-60 cm soil drills at 5 locations,and the soil samples were brought back to the laboratory for mixing and then the roots and debris were selected.Before each measurement,it should go through the following nine steps:“air drying-sorting-de-impurity-grinding-sieving-mixing-bottling-storage-registration”.The shoot samples should be washed with distilled water,wiped and weighed,dried in a 70℃incubator,and crushed through a 60-mesh sieve for later use.【Results】There were differences in the effects on soil nutrient content during the simulated return of Kuerlexiangli pear branches with different tree ages.Compared with CK in the same period,all the treatments reached the significant level(p<0.05).The average value of soil organic matter in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 increased by 2.16 and 1.93 times,respectively,compare

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 枝条腐解 土壤养分含量 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]