新疆野核桃种质资源对核桃腐烂病的抗性评价  

Evaluation of resistance of Xinjiang wild walnuts to walnut canker

作　　者：温家康 马荣[1] 王大芬 张萍[1] WEN Jiakang;MARong;WANG Dafen;ZHANG Ping(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Industry Technology in Arid Region,Education Department of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院·新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第8期1469-1478,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01A63)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解新疆野核桃对核桃腐烂病的抗性,挖掘抗性种质。【方法】以新疆巩留野核桃自然保护区中7个类型的28份新疆野核桃种质1年生枝条为材料,通过室内人工接种的方法,记录野核桃在接种核桃腐烂病菌后第12天的发病情况,测定韧皮部POD、SOD、CAT酶活性以及MDA含量等生理指标,最后采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法综合评价野核桃种质资源对核桃腐烂病的抗病能力。【结果】新疆野核桃种质间的抗病能力显示出较大差异(p<0.05),其中J-1、J-2、XT-3、XT-4等12个野核桃单株在病斑表征上显示为高抗病种质;发病枝条(平均水平)的POD酶活性、未发现SOD酶活性、CAT酶活性、MDA含量相比未发病枝条(平均水平)均有不同程度上升,分别为未发病枝条的260.6%、118.9%、283.6%和192.6%,其中POD酶活性、CAT酶活性、MDA含量与枝条发病程度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),SOD与枝条发病程度呈显著线性关系。主成分分析结果显示抗病能力为0.93~1.32的野核桃种质抗病性较强,为XT-4、J-1、J-2、XY-4、XY-1、XY-2、T-2;聚类分析结果显示,28份野核桃种质的抗病性可分为3类,其中B类核桃抗病性最强,C类抗病性最弱,A类属于中间类型。【结论】从28份新疆野核桃材料中初步筛选了7个抗病种质,研究结果可为新疆野核桃抗病育种研究提供基础性参考。【Objective】In recent years,walnut canker disease(Cytospora chrysosperma)has become one of the important diseases affecting the development of walnut trees in Xinjiang.The investigation on the natural incidence of wild walnut trees in Xinjiang wild walnut populations suggested that Xinjiang has a rich wild walnut germplasm resource,and there are obvious differences in disease resistance among different varieties,but there is still a lack of systematic research.Through the disease resistance evaluation with different methods,the disease-resistant germplasm resources can be screened and can lay a solid foundation for resistance breeding of cultivated walnut,and also provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of wild walnut in Xinjiang.【Methods】The annual branches of 28 Xinjiang wild walnut accessions of 7 types were used as experimental materials.Three wounds up to the xylem were made on each branch with a punch,about 5 mm in diameter.Then,agar plates with pathogen purified for 6 days were inoculated through the wound,and the lesion length was recorded on the 12th day.The phloem tissue around the branch lesion was taken and stored in the refrigerator at-40℃after quick freezing with liquid nitrogen.The activities of POD,SOD,CAT,and MDA in the phloem were measured.The resistance of Xinjiang wild walnuts to walnut canker was evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Results】After inoculation with walnut canker pathogen for 12 days,the disease degree of the 28 isolated branch materials showed a significant difference.Among them,the lowest length of disease spot in the branch was 5 mm and the highest was 100 mm.The disease spots on the surface of branches were obvious,and the color of the diseased part of branches turned black and lose water.According to the multiple comparison results,the difference between L^(-1) with the largest disease spot on branches and the nine single plants without disease was the most significant.The tested materials were divided into 8 gro

关 键 词：新疆野核桃 种质筛选 核桃腐烂病 生理响应 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]