有限公司控股股东信义义务的适用  

Application of Fiduciary Duty of the Controlling Shareholders of Limited Company

作　　者：郑佳宁[1] 王凌杰 ZHENG Jianing;WANG Lingjie

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院 [2]北京市通州区人民检察院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2022年第4期39-54,共16页Business and Economic Law Review

摘　　要：由于公司治理的特殊性,有限公司中小股东利益面临着控股股东的直接威胁,而我国现有公司法规范难以为其提供适当的救济。针对相同问题,自20世纪中叶,美国公司法中发展出了对封闭公司控股股东课以对中小股东的信义义务的解决方案,值得借鉴,即便不能以立法形式在我国公司法规范中直接确立,亦可在司法实践中通过类推适用的方法达成类似效果。具体而言,有限公司控股股东信义义务的主要内容为禁止其对中小股东进行排挤,是否违反信义义务应以合法商业目的标准加以判断,即若有其他行为可以达成同样的商业目的并对中小股东损害更小,系争行为便违反了信义义务。Due to the particularity of corporate governance,the interests of minority shareholders of limited company are facing direct threat from controlling shareholders.However,it is difficult to provide appropriate remedies to minority shareholders in China’s existing corporate regulations.For similar problems,since the middle of the last century,the company law of the United States has developed a solution of imposing fiduciary duty on the controlling shareholder of closed corporations to other shareholders.The experience is worth profiting from.China could establish fiduciary duty of the controlling shareholder of limited company by legislation,or achieve the same effects by applying the analogy measure in judicial practice.To be specific,the main content of the fiduciary duty of the controlling shareholders of a limited company is to prohibit them from crowding out minority shareholders.Whether the controlling shareholder’s behavior violates fiduciary duty should be judged by the standard of legitimate business purpose.If the same business purpose can be achieved through other way which does less harm to other shareholders,the behavior of the controlling shareholder will violate the fiduciary duty.

关 键 词：控股股东 信义义务 排挤行为 合法商业目的 类推适用 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]