法律保留视野下的专门法院改革--以铁路运输法院为例  

On the Reform of Special Court Under the View of Reservation of Law-Railway Transportation Court as an Example

作　　者：赵一单 ZHAO Yidan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2022年第4期129-143,共15页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“法律保留视野下的法院管辖规则改革研究”(项目批准号:20SFB3005)。

摘　　要：专门法院改革应当遵循《立法法》对法院和诉讼制度提出的法律保留要求。作为改革代表的铁路运输法院存在改造和集中管辖两种改革路径。将铁路运输法院改造成其他类型的法院,改变了法院组织外部效应的影响范围,进而影响了公民的权利义务;由铁路运输法院集中管辖特定案件,并不属于对现行法上指定管辖的具体化,而是一种新型的独立管辖制度。两种改革路径均属于法律保留事项,现有的改革依据并不符合规范要求。全国人大常委会通过的“有关法律问题的决定”可以就法律保留事项作出规定,成为专门法院改革的法治化基础,但仍须满足全覆盖、科学性、明确性和阶段性的要求。The reform of special court should follow the requirements of reservation of law from the legislation law on courts and litigation system.As the representative of the reform,the railway transportation court has two paths of reform:transformation and centralized jurisdiction.The transformation of the railway transportation court into new type of court changes the influence scope of the external effect of the court organization,and then affects the rights and obligations of citizens.The centralized jurisdiction of specific cases by the railway transport court is not the embodiment of the designated jurisdiction formulated by the current law,but a new independent jurisdiction system.Both of the two reform paths fall in the scope of reservation of law,and the existing reform basis does not meet the standard requirements.The“decisions related to legal issues”adopted by the standing committee of the National People’s Congress may provide provisions on matters of reservation of law and form the legal basis for the reform of special courts.

关 键 词：司法改革 专门法院 铁路运输法院 法律保留 有关法律问题的决定 

分 类 号：D926.23[政治法律—法学]