永不放弃:研制运十大飞机的历史经验与当代启示  

Never Give up:Historical Experience and Contemporary Enlightenment of the Development of Transport 10

作　　者：黄庆桥 顾天丽 Huang Qinqiao;Gu Tianli(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2022年第8期58-67,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国共产党领导重大科技工程的决策机制与管理模式研究”(20BDJ089)。

摘　　要：发展大型民用飞机产业,是新中国决策层领导集体长期大力推动实施的落实国家发展战略的重大部署,并不是一个仓促的决定。运十的设计工作迈出了中国自主设计大型客机的第一步,至少实现了三个目标:基本实现了产品开发目标;推动了中国适航部门和中国民用航空法规体系的建设;创建了中国大型民用飞机产业基地和产业集群的雏形。当时的中国民用航空管理部门在观念上的重大误区和美欧大型民用飞机制造企业对中国大型民用飞机市场的长期觊觎,是运十被搁置的重要因素。运十研制的当代启示是:重大科技工程一定要由国家主导;复杂技术产品的研制必须立足于自立自强;深刻认识重大科技工程的长期性、复杂性、艰巨性,不能因噎废食,一定要有战略耐心;重大科技工程从来不是一件万事俱备只欠东风的事情,特别是对于后发国家而言。It is not a hasty decision to develop a large civil aircraft industry,which is a major deployment of the national development strategy of the communist party of China and the national leadership.The design work of Transport 10 represents the first step towards China s own design of large airliners.It has achieved at least three goals.It has basically achieved product development goals.It has promoted the construction of China s airworthiness department and China s civil aviation legal system.It has established the rudiment of China s large civil aircraft industrial base and industrial cluster.The major misunderstanding of CAAC in concept and the long-term covet of large civil aircraft manufacturing enterprises in the United States and Europe on China s large civil aircraft market are the important factors that Transport 10 has been shelved.The contemporary enlightenments of Transport 10 development are as follows.Major scientific and technological projects must be led by the state.The development of complex technology products must be based on self-reliance.We must see the long-term,complex and arduous nature of major scientific and technological projects.We must not give up eating because of choking.We must have strategic patience.Major scientific and technological projects have never been ready and only owe the east wind,especially for developing countries.

关 键 词：运十 708工程 大型民用飞机 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]