2000—2020年国审水稻品种的米质特征分析  

Analysis on quality characteristics of rice varieties approved in China from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：贾倩 吴晓 钱可峰 彭照 蔡义忠 叶荣建 JIA Qian;WU Xiao;QIAN Ke-feng;PENG Zhao;CAI Yi-zhong;YE Rong-jian(Life Science and Technology Center,China National Seed Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430206,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration,Wuhan 430206,China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;FJ Dynamics Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中国种子集团有限公司生命科学技术中心,武汉430206 [2]作物育种技术创新与集成国家重点实验室,武汉430206 [3]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070 [4]丰疆智能科技股份有限公司,武汉430073

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第14期11-18,共8页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省科技重大专项(2021ABA005)。

摘　　要：分析了2000—2020年中国审定水稻品种的米质性状数据。结果表明,国家审定品种新部标优质率逐年上升,2019年和2020年分别占比74.2%、79.4%。籼稻整精米率、长宽比、碱消值和胶稠度随年度变化呈上升趋势,垩白度和直链淀粉随年度变化明显下降,籼稻米质性状变化趋势优于粳稻。通过对2020年479个国审籼型杂交稻品种米质分析得出,6个米质性状中变异系数较大的是垩白度。同时分析了2020年排名前20的骨干亲本(不育系和恢复系)所配组国审籼型杂交稻品种的部标优质率和6个米质性状特征,以期为水稻新品种在米质方面的选育提供数据参考。In this study,the data of rice quality characters of approved rice varieties in China from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed.The results showed that the quality rate of the new national approved varieties has increased year by year,accounting for 74.2%and 79.4%in 2019 and 2020,respectively.The head rice percentage,grain length-width ratio,alkali spreading value and gel consistency of indica rice showed an upward trend with the annual change,while the chalkiness degree and amylose content decreased significantly with the annual change,and the change trend of rice quality characters of indica rice was better than that of japonica rice.Through data analysis on quality traits of 479 nationally approved indica hybrid rice varieties in 2020,it was concluded that the largest variation coefficient among 6 rice quality traits was chalkiness degree.At the same time,the analysis results of the high-quality rate and 6 rice quality traits of indica hybrid rice varieties bred by the top 20 backbone parental lines(male sterile line and restorer line)in 2020 will provide data reference for the breeding of new varieties in rice quality in the future.

关 键 词：水稻 国审品种 籼型杂交稻 不育系 恢复系 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]