中国流域规划环境影响评价40年发展历程与启示  

Development History and Enlightenment of Environmental Impact Assessment of Watershed Development Planning in China during the Past Four Decades

作　　者：黄明辉 黄蕊 李巍[1,2] HUANG Minghui;HUANG Rui;LI Wei(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2022年第4期42-47,共6页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：黄河流域城市群与产业高质量发展的协同推进路径与模式(72050001)。

摘　　要：我国流域开发历史悠久,水资源开发规模和强度居高不下,生态环境影响十分显著,我国流域规划环评已进入完善提升阶段,进一步加强流域规划环评管理并提高实践水平势在必行。本文对我国流域规划环评过去40年内相关管理要求进行历史回溯,总结其发展历程。通过文献分析梳理研究趋势与常用指标,结果显示流域规划环评的研究热点为水电规划,且“三线一单”等新要求引起了广泛关注;近100篇相关文献中常用的52个评价指标重点关注了水文、水资源、水生生态、陆生生态等评价内容。建议以流域生态环境改善和绿色发展为目标,强化生物多样性影响评价并纳入气候变化因素,以加强流域“三线一单”应用和跟踪影响评价为抓手,切实提高流域规划环评的质量。Due to the long-history,high-intensity and large-scale watershed development in China,the impact on the ecological environment is significant.The Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)of Watershed Development Planning(WDP)has entered the stage of improvement and refinement.This fact makes it an imperative need to improve the management and practice of the EIA of WDP.The historical retrospection of China’s relevant environmental policy in the last 40 years was summarized.Research trends and commonly used indicators were sorted out through literature analysis.The research hot spot was hydropower planning and new requirements as the"Three Lines One Permit"had attracted wide attention.The 52 indicators commonly used in nearly 100 related literatures reflected the concentrated focuses such as hydrology,water resources,aquatic ecology and terrestrial ecology factors.It is suggested to comprehensively refine the EIA of WDP by aiming at better supporting the environment protection and green development,strengthening the biodiversity impact assessment,incorporating the climate change factors,strengthening the application of the"Three Lines One Permit"and the tracking impact assessment.

关 键 词：流域规划 环境影响评价 历史回溯 “三线一单” 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]