消声片对汽车盘式制动器摩擦尖叫特性影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Damping Shim on Friction Squeal Characteristics of Automobile Disc Brakes

作　　者：袁琼[1] YUAN Qiong(School of Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工业职业技术学院车辆工程学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2022年第4期201-207,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上资助项目(cstc2020jcyjmsxmX1016);重庆市教委科学技术研究资助项目(KJQN201903203)。

摘　　要：建立某车型浮钳式盘式制动器有限元模型,通过有限元软件ABAQUS中的复特征值分析法,对比分析有/无消声片状态下制动系统的稳定性,探讨通过消声片改善制动摩擦尖叫的作用机理,并对消声片结构与制动摩擦尖叫之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,制动器的不稳定振动模态主要表现为制动盘的面外模态,同时伴随有制动卡钳、保持架以及摩擦片等的弯曲与扭转运动,制动尖叫噪声具有多频耦合的特性。在制动器中引入具有特定结构与材料形式的消声片能够有效降低系统的尖叫倾向和强度,尤其是在抑制低频尖叫方面效果显著。消声片基板存在一个最佳厚度值(0.5 mm),使得减振降噪的效果达到最佳,过度增大或减小消声片基板厚度可能导致降噪效果减弱,使尖叫强度开始上升。对消声片表面进行开沟槽处理能够改变制动力的传递特性,使得制动界面接触应力分布更加均匀,界面能量堆积现象被削弱,从而改善制动系统的稳定性。以上分析结果对认识消声片的减振降噪特性以及其结构优化设计具有一定的工程指导意义。The finite element model of a floating caliper disc brake system is established.Using the complex eigenvalue analysis method of ABAQUS,the stabilities of the brake system with and without damping shim are studied respectively.The mechanism of frictional squeal improvement of the brake by adding damping shim is discussed,and the relationship between the shim structures and brake squeal is studied.The results show that the unstable vibration modes of the brake are mainly the out-of-plane modes of the brake disc,accompanied by the bending and torsional motions of the brake caliper,the carrier,the friction pad etc.The brake squeal has the characteristics of multi-frequency coupling.The squeal tendency and intensity of the brake system can be effectively reduced through introducing the damping shim with specific structure into the brake system,especially for the low-frequency squeal suppression.There exists an optimal thickness value(0.5 mm)of the base plate of the damping shim,which has the best efficiency for squeal noise reduction.Overlarge increase or decrease of the basic thickness of the damping shim may lead to the decrease of squeal reduction effect and the increase of the squeal intensity.In addition,it is found that the transmission characteristics of braking force can be changed by treating the damping shim with surface grooves,which makes the contact stress distribution in the braking interface more even and weakens the energy accumulation phenomenon in the interface so as to improve the stability of the braking system accordingly.The above analysis results have a certain engineering guiding significance for understanding the vibration and noise reduction characteristics of damping shim and its structural optimization design.

关 键 词：声学 消声片 盘式制动器 摩擦振动 摩擦尖叫 复特征值分析 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]