地月空间近地小行星观测系统研究  

Near-Earth asteroids observation system in cislunar space

作　　者：唐玉华 吴伟仁 李明涛 韩思远 祁海明 王新涛 周琪 张哲 田少杰 石萌 金霄 Yuhua TANG;Weiren WU;Mingtao LI;Siyuan HAN;Haiming QI;Xintao WANG;Qi ZHOU;Zhe ZHANG;Shaojie TIAN;Meng SHI;Xiao JIN(Lumar Exploration and Space Engineering Center,Beijing 100080,China;Deep Space Exploration Laboratory,Beijing 100080,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China National Space Administration,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]探月与航天工程中心,北京100080 [2]深空探测实验室,北京100080 [3]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100080 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]国家航天局,北京100048

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2022年第7期1169-1185,共17页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国防科工局空间碎片和小行星专项课题(批准号:kjsp2020020101);科工局民用航天预研课题(批准号:D020302);空间科学预先研究项目资助。

摘　　要：近地小行星撞击是造成人类毁灭性灾难的七大威胁之一,开展小行星防御、保护地球家园是全人类共同的责任.做好小行星防御,首先要建立和完善小行星监测系统.目前,国际小行星监测主要以地基光学系统监测为主,由于光学观测条件限制,导致来自太阳方向的小行星无法及时被“捕获”跟踪,而天基监测系统由于其特定的位置优越性,成为地基观测系统的有益补充.本文系统梳理了地基监测系统存在的问题和不足,分析了月基和地月空间轨道部署望远镜的优劣,提出了基于地月系统L4,L5点轨道部署天基望远镜用于近地小行星观测的方案,并提出了国际合作实施建议,对未来构建近地小行星监测系统具有参考价值.One major threat to humanity is the impact of near-Earth asteroids(NEAs). Planetary defense is a shared responsibility of all human beings to protect our home planet. For planetary defense, we must first set up an asteroid monitoring system. At the moment, asteroid monitoring mostly relies on ground-based optical systems. Because of the limitations of optical observation conditions, asteroids from the sunward direction during the daytime cannot be detected and tracked in time during the day. Due to its specific location advantages, an appropriate space-based monitoring system would be a useful supplement to the ground-based observation system.In this paper, the problems and shortcomings of the ground-based monitoring system, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of space-based telescopes, were summarized. The mission concept of space-based telescopes for NEAs observation based on the L4 and L5 point orbits of an Earth-Moon system is proposed. Furthermore, suggestions for international cooperation are made. This research will be useful in the future when building the NEAs monitoring system.

关 键 词：地月空间 行星防御 近地小行星 拉格朗日点轨道 红外望远镜 

分 类 号：P185.7[天文地球—天文学] P111