亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱新疆地理株各发育阶段生物学特性的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of Hyalomma asiaticum and H.anatolicum Xinjiang isolates at differentθdevelopmental stages

作　　者：宋瑞其 翟雪洁 李才善 葛婷[2] 甘露 张梦圆 樊新丽 李永畅[2] 张杨[2] 巴音查汗[2] SONG Rui-qi;ZHAI Xue-jie;LI Cai-shan;GE Ting;GAN Lu;ZHANG Meng-yuan;FAN Xin-li;LI Yong-chang;ZHANG Yang;BAYIN Cha-han(School of Medicine,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;College of Animal Medicine,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,China;Hami Animal Husbandry Workstation,Hami 839200,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院基础医学系,石河子832003 [2]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]哈密畜牧工作站,哈密839200

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2022年第3期369-378,共10页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：石河子大学自主资助支持校级科研项目(ZZZC202130);石河子大学高层次人才启动基金(2022ZK016);国家自然科学基金(31660711)。

摘　　要：目的分析比较亚洲璃眼蜱(Hyalomma asiaticum)和小亚璃眼蜱(H.anatolicum)新疆地理株不同发育阶段生物学特性和形态差异。方法2019年4—5月,于新疆奇台和吐鲁番2个蜱流行地采集硬蜱,利用形态学特征鉴定蜱种,提取全蜱总DNA,PCR扩增蜱虫线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基1(CO1)基因保守片段,使用pEASY R-T1载体系统对目的基因进行克隆,挑取单菌落无菌扩大培养,培养后的菌液进行测序。采用NCBI中Blast在线分析软件,对测序后的靶基因序列与其他序列的同源性进行比对,分析CO1基因序列并进行系统进化树分析。将12只新西兰大白兔随机均分为2组,每组6只,分别供血饲喂不同发育阶段的亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱,分别为幼蜱(200只)、若蜱(150只)和成蜱(50只),每个发育期分别取2只大白兔进行供血饲喂。采用饲蜱装置将蜱接种于兔子耳部饲血,每天对吸血蜱进行观察,直至各发育期蜱饱血脱落,记录各个阶段的发育时间,观察各蜱种不同发育期的生物学特性。结果于奇台和吐鲁番两地共采集317和291只硬蜱,分别为亚洲璃眼蜱(317只)和小亚璃眼蜱(291只)。经生物学特性的比较发现,亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱完成一个生活史分别平均需要131.5和112.5 d。在卵期,亚洲璃眼蜱的产卵和卵孵化周期(27.5 d和31.5 d)长于小亚璃眼蜱(12.0 d和20.5 d);在幼蜱期,亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱吸血、蜕皮分别需要5.5、18.5 d和9、18.5 d;在若蜱期,亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱吸血、蜕皮分别需要10.5、19.0 d和4.5、30.0 d;在成蜱期,亚洲璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血、产卵前期分别需要8.5、10.5 d和13.0、5.0 d。经形态学比较发现,除亚洲璃眼蜱卵期出现“卵斑”(后期发育成肛门)的时间(19 d)晚于小亚璃眼蜱(14 d),两蜱种间幼蜱和若蜱的差异不明显;成蜱间差异主要体现在颈沟(亚洲璃眼蜱雄蜱:长且深,向后延伸超出盾板中部;小亚璃�Objective To analyze and compare the biological characteristics and morphologies at different developmental stages beween Hyalomma asiaticum and H.anatolicum isolates from Xinjiang geographic regions.Methods Hard ticks were captured from Qitai and Turpan,the tick endemikc areas of Xinjiang,in April to May,2019.Species of the ticks were identified based on morphology.The tick genomic DNA was extracted and the conserved fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(CO1)gene was amplified by PCR.The target gene was cloned using pEASY-T1 vector system,single bacteria colony was selected for sterile expansion culture and the cultured fluid was undergone sequencing.The homology of CO1 gene sequence with other sequences was aligned using NCBI Blast online analysis software,and phylogenetic tree was generated.Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups with 6 rabbits in each group,H.asiaticum and H.anatolicum at different developmental stages(200 larvae,150 nymphs,or 50 adults)were fed with blood from two rabbits.H.asiaticum and H.anatolicum ticks were placed in equipment enclosing rabbit ears to feed on blood.Ticks were checked daily until repletion.The recovered ticks were collected and stored under controlled experimental conditions.The biological characteristics of H.asiaticum and H.anatolicum was observed systematically at various developmental stages of their life cycles.Results A total of 317 H.asiaticum and 291 H.anatolicum ticks were collected in Qitai and Turpan,respectively.The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the CO1 gene show that H.asiaticum from Qitai,Xinjiang(MW217459),Inner Mongolia(JX051135),Kazakhstan(KU364324),Wuwei,Gansu(MK292004)and Yuli,Xinjiang(KF527441)belong to the same cluster;the sequence of H.anatolicum from Turpan,Xinjiang(MW221948),Kazakhstan(MN853167),Gansu(JQ737067)and other Xinjiang strains(MN268557,KF583576)were categorized into another cluster.There was significant difference in the genetic relationship between H.asiaticum-Qitai strain and H.anatol

关 键 词：亚洲璃眼蜱 小亚璃眼蜱 生物学特性 新疆 

分 类 号：R384.41[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]