2016—2020年四川省阿坝州艾滋病疫情特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Aba Prefecture 2016 to 2020

作　　者：程季 周燕[1] 杨秀程 CHENG Ji;ZHOU Yan;YANG Xiu-cheng(Aba Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Maerkang 624000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]阿坝州疾病预防控制中心,四川马尔康624000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第7期937-941,946,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2020年阿坝州艾滋病疫情数据和检测数据,了解本地疫情特点和流行趋势,发现疫情防控的重点地区和重点人群,评估检测策略的有效性,从而为制定科学有效的艾滋病防控策略提供重要依据。方法收集2016—2020年艾滋病综合防治信息系统中,现住址为阿坝州的艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)的数据库、随访数据库以及本地各医疗卫生机构的HIV检测份数表,运用Excel、SPSS 22.0统计软件进行描述性统计分析,率比较采用χ^(2)检验/χ_(趋势)^(2)检验。结果2016—2020年阿坝州艾滋病疫情年均增长率为5.01%。截至2020年底,阿坝州现存活HIV/AIDS 596例,主要分布在汶川县(12.60%)、茂县(12.02%)、阿坝县(12.02%)、松潘县(10.66%)和小金县(8.91%)。近5年阿坝州艾滋病主要传播途径为异性传播,其中又以非婚非商为主(56.47%)。新报告疫情中既往感染病例为40.05%,男女性别比为1.7~2.1∶1,病例年龄集中在20~49岁(71.71%),50岁及以上人群构成比呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=21.412,P<0.001);病例以农牧民、藏族、初中以下文化程度以及被动检测为主。结论阿坝州艾滋病疫情呈增长趋势,防控重点地区为旅游环线5区县。阿坝州艾滋病传播途径以异性性传播为主,非婚非商业性行为是影响阿坝州艾滋病疫情的重要因素,且病例发现不及时。重点病例为20~49岁的藏族低文化程度农牧民。阿坝州检测发现效率不高,检测策略有待调整。阿坝州艾滋病防控工作中须开发适宜本地民族特色的健康宣传教育及干预模式,精准扩大检测、提升检测效率。Objective To analyze the HIV/AIDS epidemic data and detection data from 2016 to 2020 in Aba prefecture,so that to grasp the characteristics and prevalence trend of the local epidemic,to find out the key areas and key populations for epidemic prevention and control,to evaluate the effectiveness of detection strategies,and finally to provide an important basis for the formulation of scientific and effective AIDS prevention and control strategies.Methods The database and follow-up database of HIV/AIDS patients living in Aba prefecture were collected,as well as the HIV test number table of local medical and health institutions were collected from the comprehensive AIDS prevention information system 2016 to 2020.Excel and SPSS 21.0 statistical software were used for descriptive statistical analysis of the population distribution,infection route and sample source of the cases.Theχ^(2) test andχ_(trend)^(2) test was used to compare the rates.Results From 2016 to 2020,the average annual growth rate of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Aba prefecture was 5.01%.By the end of 2020,there were 596 living HIV/AIDS cases in Aba prefecture,mainly distributed in Wenchuan county(12.60%),Mao county(12.02%),Aba county(12.02%),Songpan county(10.66%)and Xiaojin county(8.91%).In the past five years,the main transmission channels of AIDS in Aba prefecture were heterosexual transmission,among which the non-marriage non-business accounted for about 56.47%.About 40.05%of the newly reported cases were previously infected.The male to female sex ratio was 1.7-2.1∶1,the age of case was mainly from 20 to 49 years old,accounting for 71.71%.The proportion of people aged 50 and over was on the rise(χ_(trend)^(2) =21.412,P<0.001).The main cases were farmers and herdsmen,Zang people,below junior high school education and passive detection.Conclusions The AIDS epidemic in Aba prefecture is on the rise,and the key areas for prevention and control are the 5 districts and counties along the tourism ring road.HIV/AIDS in Aba prefecture is mainly transmitted by h

关 键 词：阿坝州 艾滋病 疫情特征 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]