知识产权惩罚性赔偿的比较法考察及其启示  

Comparative Review and Its Enlightenment of Punitive Damages for IP Infringements

作　　者：刘银良[1] Liu Yinliang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第7期131-148,共18页Law Science

摘　　要：惩罚性赔偿及知识产权惩罚性赔偿基本属于当今普通法系国家所特有的侵权赔偿救济,大陆法系国家基本不予认可。即使在普通法系国家,鉴于适用效果的不确定性,惩罚性赔偿并非常用的民事救济措施,仅属例外规则,法院亦提出合理性标准和比例原则制约其适用。普通法系国家的知识产权惩罚性赔偿根植于普通法传统,体现为侵权法下的救济和知识产权法下的救济两种路径,其实施主要依据知识产权法,但仍需普通法的广泛支持。知识产权惩罚性赔偿所惩罚与威慑的行为应是具有可责性的恶意侵权行为,其实施亦须通过比例原则维护合理性。对普通法系国家知识产权惩罚性赔偿的比较法考察或可为我国知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的构建与适用提供有益启示。Punitive damages and intellectual property(IP) punitive damages remain basically unique to the damages system in the common law countries today,and the civil law countries fundamentally do not accept such systems.Even in the common law countries,due to their uncertainty,punitive damages are not the generally applicable civil remedies,but a very exceptional rule,and the courts have proposed comprehensive rationality test and proportionality principle to balance their application.The IP punitive damages system in the common law countries is rooted in the common law tradition and embodied in the reliefs under tort law or IP laws respectively.Its enforcement is mainly based on the corresponding IP laws,while still needs extensive support from the common law system.The acts punished and deterred by the IP punitive damages should be culpable malicious infringements,and their implementation should maintain rationality through the proportionality principle.Comparative analysis of the IP punitive damages system in the common law countries may provide useful reference for the construction and application of the IP punitive damages system in China.

关 键 词：损害赔偿 加重赔偿 惩戒性赔偿 惩罚性赔偿 附加赔偿 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]