加快农村经济转型,促进农民增收和实现共同富裕  

Facilitating Farmer’s Income Growth and Common Prosperity through Accelerating Rural Economic Transformation

作　　者：黄季焜[1] HUANG Jikun

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国农业政策研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2022年第7期4-15,共12页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:71934003);国家社科基金重点项目(编号:19ZDA002);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(编号:2021-XBZD-8-7);ACIAR国际合作项目(编号:ADP/2017/024)。

摘　　要：虽然我国农村居民人均收入稳定增长,但城乡居民以及农村居民间的收入差距依然很大,实现全民共同富裕目标将任重道远。本文在分析过去40多年农村经济转型与农民收入的关系基础上,展望未来30年中国农业的发展愿景与面临的主要挑战,提出未来在保障口粮安全的基础上,推进以高值农业发展和农村劳动力非农就业为主的农村经济转型,大幅提升农业劳动生产率,实现农民与全体国民共同富裕。为此,需要加快城镇化和经济结构转型速度以促进农村劳动力非农就业持续增长;养殖业通过规模化与现代化率先消除工农收入差距,种植业逐渐向“二八格局”转变并建立与之相适应的政策支持体系,进而实现大农小农共同富裕。Although rural per capita income has been growing steadily,the income gap between urban and rural and among households in rural remains large.Achieving common prosperity for all is still a long way to go.Based on the analyses of rural economic transformation and the farmers’ income in the past 40 years,and the prospect of agricultural development visions and the main challenges in the next 30 years,this paper shows that achieving common prosperity will require substantial increase in agricultural labor productivity through accelerating rural economic transformation in terms of boosting high-value agricultural development and rural labor non-farm employment,and subject to ensuring food grain security.To do these,urbanization and economic structure transformation should be accelerated to promote the sustainable growth of non-farm employment for rural labor;livestock and aquaculture through enlarging production scale and modernization will take the lead in eliminating the income gap between farming and non-farming works;crop sector should gradually move to the “20-80 Pattern”(20% farms with large scale land mainly produce grain and other bulk agricultural commodities,and 80% farms with small scale land develop high-value agriculture) with the corresponding policy support system,in order to achieving the common prosperity for both large and small scale farms.

关 键 词：农村经济转型 农业劳动生产率 高值农业 非农就业 二八格局 农民收入 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F126