不同灌溉方式对樟子松生长、光合特性及土壤水分运移的影响  

Effects of different irrigation methods on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and soil water transport of Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)

作　　者：刘雅楠 刘洋[1] 兰再平[2] 铁牛[1] 张梦弢 王成德 罗奇辉 张晨 LIU Yanan;LIU Yang;LAN Zaiping;TIE Niu;ZHANG Mengtao;WANG Chengde;LUO Qihui;ZHANG Chen(College of Forestry,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;North China Forestry Experiment Center,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Forestry College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京100091 [3]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [4]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期135-143,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(CGZH2018058);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS03096)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究滴灌、漫灌和对照3种处理方式下樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)生长状况和土壤水分运移规律,探讨其生长、光合、蒸腾特性和水分运移对不同灌溉技术的响应,为在干旱、半干旱地区高效栽培樟子松提供参考。【方法】以内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区的樟子松林为研究对象,基于单因素方差分析比较不同灌溉方式下樟子松的生长(地径、树高、冠幅、抽穗长和生物量)与光合特性[光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))和水分利用效率(EWUE)];采用土壤剖面观测法比较不同灌溉方式和灌溉时间下土壤水分垂直和水平运移的变化规律,并利用经验模型对土壤水分运移轮廓进行模拟。【结果】①滴灌处理下樟子松的地径、树高、冠幅、抽穗长和生物量分别比漫灌方式下高1.5 cm、0.5 m、10.0 cm、5.9 cm和11.5 kg,分别比对照高3.4 cm、0.9 m、60.0 cm、7.2 cm和2.5 kg;②滴灌处理下樟子松的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度显著高于漫灌和对照(P<0.05),各种灌溉方式下的上述指标大小具体表现为滴灌>漫灌>对照;水分利用效率大小表现为对照>滴灌>漫灌,表明樟子松可在较低的土壤含水量条件下生长;③在灌溉2、4和6 h后,樟子松林地滴灌比漫灌处理下土壤湿润锋的垂直运移距离和停灌后最终垂直运移距离深,两种灌溉方式下3种不同灌溉时长的土壤湿润锋的最大水平运移距离都出现在0~20 cm土层,然而停灌后的垂直运移距离以滴灌>漫灌;④利用经验模型对土壤湿润体轮廓进行模拟,设定:为垂直方向上任意位置处土壤水分水平运移距离(i=1,2,3,4);L_(MR)为土壤水分水平最大运移距离;R_(MH)为垂直方向上任意位置处土壤水分垂直运移相对距离;a_(i)为模型参数。则滴灌和漫灌的最优模型分别为多项式模型(M_(R1))和Baldwin模型(M_(R4)),【Objective】The growth and soil water transport of Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)were studied under three different drip treatments(drip irrigation,flood irrigation and control),and the responses of growth,photosynthesis,transpiration and water transport to the irrigation methods were discussed to provide a reference for efficient cultivation of P.sylvestris var.mongolica in arid and semi-arid areas.【Method】With P.sylvestris var.mongolica of the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia as the research object,the growth(ground diameter,tree height,crown width,head sprouting length and biomass)and photosynthetic characteristics[photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i)),and water use efficiency(EWUE)]of P.sylvestris var.mongolica were compared under different irrigation methods based on One-way ANOVA;soil profile observation was used to compare the migration distance of soil water in horizontal and vertical directions under different irrigation methods and durations.【Result】(1)The ground diameter,tree height,crown width,head sprouting length and biomass parameters of P.sylvestris var.mongolica in the drip irrigation were 1.5 cm,0.5 m,10 cm,5.9 cm and 11.5 kg higher,respectively,than those in the flood irrigation,and 3.4 cm,0.9 m,60.0 cm,7.2 cm and 2.5 kg higher than those in the control,respectively.(2)The P_(n),T_(r),G_(s)and C_(i)values of samples under the drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under the flood irrigation and control(P<0.05),and decreased in the following order:drip irrigation>flood irrigation>control.However,EWUE decreased in the following order:control>drip irrigation>flood irrigation,indicating P.sylvestris var.mongolica had the ability to tolerate drought under low soil water conditions.(3)After 2,4 and 6 h irrigation,the vertical migration distance of soil moisture front and the final vertical migration distance after stopping the irrigation were deeper in the d

关 键 词：樟子松 滴灌 漫灌 光合特性 生长 土壤水分运移 水分运移模拟 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]