山西焦化园区土壤重金属污染及概率健康风险评价  

Soil Pollution of Heavy Metals in a Coking Industrial Park in Shanxi Province:Pollution Level and Health Risk Assessment

作　　者：王宇静 刘新会[1] 张瀚丹 段林帅 WANG Yujing;LIU Xinhui;ZHANG Handan;DUAN Linshuai(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第4期199-208,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803404);全球环境基金项目(FECO/LY3/S/21/110)。

摘　　要：为了探明焦化工业重金属污染对周边居民的健康影响,该文以山西省某焦化工业园区为研究区域,采用潜在生态风险指数评价法和基于蒙特卡罗随机模拟的概率风险评价方法(PRA),对土壤中8种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)的污染水平和健康风险展开研究。结果表明:该研究区土壤重金属存在一定的富集现象,除Ni外,其他7种重金属平均含量均超过相应的山西省土壤背景值。园区综合生态危害指数(RI)平均值达到430.43,为强生态危害水平,Hg和Cd的潜在危害最大;PRA结果显示,成人的致癌风险机率为5.16×10^(-6)~4.64×10^(-4),儿童的致癌风险机率为2.45×10^(-5)~3.06×10^(-3),超过10^(-5)致癌风险水平的可能分别为99.04%和100%,成人和儿童都极有可能遭受土壤重金属致癌危害。成人和儿童的非致癌风险机率分别为0.05~0.36和0.13~1.89,二者PRA95%分位值分别为0.20和0.70,非致癌效应不明显;不同暴露途径对儿童带来的致癌和非致癌风险值均表现为经口摄入途径>皮肤接触途径>呼吸吸入途径,经口摄入贡献率分别为53.03%和51.25%。在6种具有致癌效应的重金属中,Ni、Cr、Cu致癌风险值均超可接受致癌风险边界值(10^(-6))1个数量级,为造成致癌风险的主要污染物;敏感性分析结果表明,暴露周期、土壤摄入量和体重是对风险不确定性贡献最大的参数。因此,该焦化园区土壤重金属污染对当地居民的潜在健康风险不可忽略,须采取相应风险管控或修复措施。For the purpose of insight to the effects of heavy metal pollution from the coking industry on health of the residents in the vicinity of coking plants,investigations were carried out in a coking industrial park typically in Shanxi Province.The pollution level and potential health risk regarding eight heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb and Zn)contained in soils were studied by adopting the methodology of PRA(probabilistic risk assessment)based on the potential ecological risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation.The findings showed that accumulation,in different degrees,of these heavy metals were found in the study area,and except for Ni,contents of all the other seven heavy metals were higher than the corresponding soil background values of the Province in terms of the mean concentration;the average value of the comprehensive ecological hazard index(RI)was up to 430.43,coming to the level of high ecological hazard,among others,Hg and Cd were the highest.Results of PRA indicated that the total carcinogenic risks to the adults ranged from 5.16×10^(-6) to 4.64×10^(-4),and that to the children from 2.45×10^(-5) to 3.06×10^(-3).The probabilities that exceeded 10^(-5) were 99.04%and 100%for the adults and children,respectively,which indicated that both of them were very likely to suffer from carcinogenic hazards;the total non-carcinogenic risk to the adults ranged from 0.05 to 0.36,and that to the children 0.13 to 1.89,in addition,the values located at the 95th centile in the probabilistic risk output were respectively 0.20 and 0.70 for the adults and children,which indicated non-carcinogenic effects were less evident.As for the contribution rates of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to children,there were three different exposure pathways,i.e,oral intake,dermal contact,and inhaling,inter alia,the primary exposure pathway was oral intake,the contribution rates being 53.03%and 51.25%,respectively;and among the six heavy metals that pose carcinogenic risks,Ni,Cr and Cu were the main ones,and the carcinogenic ri

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 焦化工业 健康风险评价 概率风险模型 蒙特卡罗模拟 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]