油气钻采业噪声作业人群听力损害风险模型探索  

Exploring risk prediction model of hearing impairment among workers exposed to noise in oil and gas drilling and extraction industry

作　　者：王娟 黄磊 孙敏 WANG Juan;HUANG Lei;SUN Min(Health Management Center,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康管理中心,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院职业危害评价科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第14期2546-2552,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的根据某石化企业噪声作业人群听力损害情况,并结合作业现场噪声暴露水平,探索个人听力损害风险模型,用于预测噪声作业人群听力损害风险。方法采用横断面研究方法,采取随机整群抽样,利用问卷调查某石化企业263名作业工人人口学特征、职业特征、生活方式和听力健康知识信念行为(knowledge attitude practice,KAP),使用MIDMATE622纯音听力计进行纯音听阈测试,并利用个体噪声测量仪进行噪声暴露监测,采用χ^(2)检验、多因素logistic回归分析筛选出听力损害的影响因素,建立风险预测模型。结果多因素回归分析发现,研究对象噪声损害效应与KAP得分、累积噪声暴露(cumulative noise exposure,CNE)剂量和接噪工龄的OR值分别是0.97(95%CI:0.94~1.00)、2.37(95%CI:1.18~4.76)、2.33(95%CI:1.45~3.74),是引起噪声性听力损害的主要风险因素,基于上述风险因素建立了噪声性听力损害的风险预测模型。结论企业可根据由KAP得分、CNE剂量和接噪工龄建立的噪声性听力损害风险模型,对噪声作业人群制定针对性的健康管理措施,减少噪声引起的听力损害。Objective To explore the risk model of individual hearing damage based on the data of hearing damage of workers exposed to noise in a petrochemical enterprise,combined with the noise exposure level at the work site for predicting the risk of hearing damage in workers exposed to noise.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the demographic characteristics,occupational characteristics,lifestyle,and hearing health knowledge attitude practice(KAP)of 263 workers in a petrochemical enterprise.The MIDMATE 622 pure tone audiometer was used to test the pure tone hearing threshold,and the individual noise meter was used to monitor the noise exposure.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to select the influencing factors of hearing impairment,so as to establish the risk prediction model.Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that the OR values of noise damage effect and KAP score,cumulative noise exposure(CNE)dose and noise exposure length of service were 0.97(95%CI:0.94-1.00),2.37(95%CI:1.18-4.76)and 2.33(95%CI:1.45-3.74),which were the main risk factors of noise induced hearing impairment.Based on the above risk factors,a risk prediction model of noise induced hearing impairment was established.Conclusion According to the risk model of noise induced hearing impairment established by KAP score,CNE dose and noise exposure length of service,the enterprise can formulate targeted health management measures for noise workers to reduce noise induced hearing impairment.

关 键 词：噪声 听力损害 风险模型 探索 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]