广州市居民家庭室内灰尘中传统和新型阻燃剂与塑化剂的污染特征及健康风险评估  

Legacy and novel flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor dust from residents’homes in Guangzhou:Pollution status and human exposure assessment

作　　者：侯燕 唐斌 蔡凤珊 严骁 郑晶 王俊丽[1] 张华[1] HOU Yan;TANG Bin;CAI Fengshan;YAN Xiao;ZHENG Jing;WANG Junli;ZHANG Hua(The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第7期106-122,共17页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.PM-zx703-201904-122)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和以邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)为代表的传统型塑化剂(LPs)的逐步禁用或限用,有机磷系阻燃剂(PFRs)等新型阻燃剂及替代型塑化剂(APs)的生产和使用呈逐年增长的趋势,其环境污染特征和人体暴露健康风险值得引起广泛关注.目前,灰尘已广泛用于室内环境中PBDEs、PFRs和LPs等半挥发性有机污染物(SVOCs)的污染特征评估,而关于室内灰尘中APs的污染特征则鲜有报道.本研究以广州市42户普通居民家庭为研究对象,采集家庭室内灰尘并分析了PFRs、PBDEs、LPs和APs的含量及组成特征.结果表明,PFRs、PBDEs、LPs和APs在室内灰尘中均有广泛检出,其含量分别为593.28~11531.56、13.45~27029.13、40494.83~1154497.16和15365.19~1013352.51 ng·g^(-1).大多数家庭中,PFRs和部分APs在灰尘中的含量呈现高于PBDEs和LPs的特征,PFRs和APs等新型污染物的人体暴露健康风险需引起高度关注.采用暴露模型评估人体经灰尘摄入和皮肤接触对目标污染物的日均暴露量,结果表明,幼儿对PFRs、PBDEs、LPs和APs的暴露量分别为6.488、1.425、854.009和433.922 ng·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),成人的暴露量分别为0.403、0.091、54.239和27.557 ng·kg^(-1)·d^(-1).进一步使用危险熵进行健康风险评价,结果显示,4类污染物对幼儿和成人的健康风险均在可接受范围内.With the gradually regulation or restriction of legacy flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and legacy plasticizers(LPs)such as phthalates(PAEs),the production and use of organophosphorous flame retardants(PFRs)and alternative plasticizers(APs)are increasing significantly in recent years,which raises concerns for their environmental pollution and human exposure health risks.Indoor dust has been widely used for the assessment of pollution status of semi-volatile organic pollutants(SVOCs)including PBDEs and LPs in indoor environments,however,the levels of APs in indoor dust are rarely reported.In the present study,42 indoor dust samples were collected from ordinary households in Guangzhou city,and the levels of PFRs,PBDEs,LPs,and APs in indoor dust were analyzed.The results showed that PFRs,PBDEs,LPs and APs were widely detected in indoor dust,with concentrations in the range of 593.28~11531.56,13.45~27029.13,40494.83~1154497.16 and 15365.19~1013352.51 ng·g^(-1),respectively.In most households,the levels of PFRs and some APs in dust were even higher than those of PBDEs and LPs,the risks of human exposure to these novel contaminants in indoor environments should be highly concerned.The average daily exposure through dust ingestion and dermal absorption for adults and toddlers was evaluated.The average daily dose for toddlers to PFRs,PBDEs,LPs and APs were 6.488,1.425,854.009 and 433.922 ng·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively;while those for adults were 0.403,0.091,54.239 and 27.557 ng·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively.Furthermore,the hazard quotients for certain contaminants were calculated,the results indicated that the health risks for these contaminants to toddlers and adults were within acceptable ranges.

关 键 词：阻燃剂 塑化剂 室内灰尘 人体暴露 健康风险 广州 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4