增补乌兹别克斯坦针叶树卧孔菌为我国进境植物检疫性病原菌物的建议  

Proposal for adding Coniferiporia uzbekistanensis as quarantine fungal pathogen of import plant

作　　者：王雪蔚 段维军 周丽伟 Wang Xuewei;Duan Weijun;Zhou Liwei(State Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiolo・gy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine;Ningbo Customs District)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学 [3]宁波检验检疫科学技术研究院 [4]宁波海关

出　　处：《植物检疫》2022年第4期42-47,共6页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31970012&32111530245);中国科学院战略生物资源计划(KFJ-BRP-017-12)。

摘　　要：外来生物,特别是外来病原生物的入侵是全球经济一体化后我国所面临的主要生物风险之一。大型菌物是指在生活史中能够同时形成肉眼难以辨识的菌丝体和肉眼可见的子实体的一类菌物的统称。现行《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》中仅收录有3种大型菌物。表明目前检疫部门对林木病原大型菌物的危害尚缺乏充分的认识。针叶树卧孔菌属(Coniferiporia)真菌是专性侵染针叶树并诱发其感染层积根腐病的林木病原大型菌物,最近的研究表明该属包括4个种和1个土库曼斯坦未描述的新枝系,其中祁连针叶树卧孔菌(C. qilianensis)分布于我国青海地区,侵染当地的祁连圆柏;硫色针叶树卧孔菌(C. sulphurascens)在北半球广布,是包括冷杉属、云杉属、松属等诸多针叶树种的病原菌;韦尔针叶树卧孔菌(C.weirii),即《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》中的松干基褐腐病菌,分布于北美洲,侵染当地的北美翠柏(Calocedrus decurrens)和北美乔柏(Thuja plicata)2个树种;乌兹别克斯坦针叶树卧孔菌(C.uzbekistanensis)分布于乌兹别克斯坦,侵染当地1种刺柏属树木。目前,乌兹别克斯坦针叶树卧孔菌还未在我国发现,因此建议将乌兹别克斯坦针叶树卧孔菌增补为我国进境植物检疫性病原菌物。真菌内转录间隔区(ITS)序列可作为鉴别针叶树卧孔菌属内不同物种的可靠DNA条形码,因此整理提供了该属不同物种的ITS序列号,以期为基于真菌DNA条形码建立快速检测技术提供准确的参考,为口岸检疫部门提供可靠的技术保证。Invasion of alien species,especially those with pathogenicity,is one of the main biological risk to China under the economic globalization. Macrofungi are a group of fungi that can both live as mycelia almost invisible to the naked eye and produce distinct basidiomes visible to the naked eye in the whole life history. In the Catalogue of Quarantine Pests for Import Plants to the People’s Republic of China,only three macrofungi are included,which indicates a lack of knowledge of preventing and controlling this kind of pests in the process of quarantine. Coniferiporia is an aggressive forest pathogenic macrofungi which specifically infects coniferous trees and causes them to infect laminated root rot. Recent studies show that four species and a Turkmenistan undescribed new lineage exist in this genus. Of the four species,C. qilianensis is distributed in Qinghai Province,China and infects local Juniperus przewalskii;C. sulphurascens is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere as the pathogens of Abies,Picea,Pinus and many other coniferous trees;C. weirii,namely the pine stem brown rot pathogen in the Catalogue of Quarantine Pests for Import Plants to the People’s Republic of China,is distributed in North America and infects local Calocedrus decurrens and Thuja plicata;and C. uzbekistanensis is distributed in Uzbekistan and infects local Juniperus polycarpus var. seravschanica. C. uzbekistanensis is never found in China,and thus it is proposed to be supplemented as quarantine fungi of import plants. The fungal internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence can be used as a reliable DNA barcode to distinguish species of Coniferiporia. Therefore,the ITS sequence numbers of different species of Coniferiporia are presented to provide an accurate reference for the establishment of rapid detection technology based on fungal DNA barcode,which will provide a reliable technical guarantee for the departments of port quarantine.

关 键 词：林木病原 大型菌物 锈革孔菌目 

分 类 号：S41-30[农业科学—植物保护]