基于遥感与地理信息数据的科尔沁沙地生态环境状况动态评价  

Dynamic evaluation of ecological environment in Horqin sandy land based on remote sensing and geographic information data

作　　者：欧阳玲[1,6] 马会瑶 王宗明[3,4] 路春燕 王菜林[1,6] 张永生 于显双 OUYANG Ling;MA Huiyao;WANG Zongming;LU Chunyan;WANG Cailin;ZHANG Yongsheng;YU Xianshuang(Chifeng University,Chifeng024000,China;Chart Information Center,Tianjin300000,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun130102,China;National Earth System Science Data Center of China,Beijing100101,China;College of Computer and Information Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou350002,China;Research and Innovation Team of Environmental Evolution and Disaster Emergency Management,Chifeng University,Chifeng024000,China;Natural resources Institute,Changsheng townAohan Banner,Chifeng024000,China)

机构地区：[1]赤峰学院,赤峰024000 [2]海图信息中心,天津300000 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [4]国家地球系统科学数据中心,北京100101 [5]福建农林大学计算机与信息学院,福州350002 [6]赤峰学院环境演变与灾害应急管理研究创新团队,赤峰024000 [7]赤峰市敖汉旗长胜镇自然资源所,赤峰024000

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第14期5906-5921,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(7200401,42171328);赤峰学院院士专家工作站项目(CYZY201907);赤峰学院服务赤峰市经济社会发展应用项目(cfxyfc201811)。

摘　　要：科尔沁沙地处于蒙古、华北与兴安植物区系交汇处,是蒙古高原向东北平原的过渡区,具有丰富的生物多样性,属于典型农牧交错区,亦是东北平原的重要生态屏障。建国以来,受全球气候变化以及城镇化扩张、草原开垦及过度放牧等多重因素影响导致该区生态退化,生态系统服务功能下降。为此,利用遥感和地理信息数据,采用综合评估的方法,对近30年该区重大生态修复工程的实施过程及修复效果进行科学评估,具有重要的理论与实践意义。研究结果表明:1990、2000、2010、2015、2020年该区生态环境指数分别为75.19、70.20、73.51、74.27和74.7,其生态环境的变化可大致分为3个阶段,即退化期(1990—2000年)、恢复期(2000—2010年)和稳定期(2010—2020年)。2000年后,多项国家重点生态工程的实施对生态环境的改善具有明显推动作用,即科尔沁沙地生态环保工程的保护成效显著。城市化进程加快和水资源短缺是该区生态环境改善的主要制约因素,生态保护和地下水资源利用工程的实施仍需加强。研究可为科尔沁沙地生态保护和修复提供科学依据和实践参考。Horqin Sandy Land, as the transition zone from the Mongolian Plateau to the Northeast Plain, is located at the intersection of Mongolian, North China and Xing′an flora, with rich biodiversity. It is a typical agriculture-pastoral ecotone and an important ecological barrier in the Northeast Plain. Due to the influence of human factors such as urbanization expansion, grassland reclamation and overgrazing, the Horqin Sandy Land has faced with seriously ecological degradation and ecosystem servicesdecline since the founding of China.Therefore, using remote sensing and geographic information data, a scientific evaluationwas conducted to researchthe implementation process and restoration effect of major ecological restoration projects in last 30 yearsin the area, which had important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the evaluation method in Technical Criterion for Eco-environment Status Evaluation(HJ/T192—2015), the changes of ecological environment of Horqin Sandy Landwere evaluatedin 1990, 2000, 2010 2015 and 2020. The results showed that ecological environment index was75.19, 70.20, 73.51, 74.27,and 74.7 in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. Eco-environmental changes of Horqin Sandy Landcan be divided into three stages: the degradation period during 1990—2000, the recovery period during 2000—2010, and the stable period during 2010—2020. Since 2000, several national ecological projects havebeen implementedinthe region. Consequently, although theEI decreased 4.99 from 1990 to 2000, it increased 4.5 from 2000 to 2020. The changes of the EI indicated that the ecological environment protection projects of Horqin Sandy Land had achieved remarkable efficiency. Acceleration of urbanization and shortage of water resources were main restraining factors for the improvement of ecological environment in Horqin Sandy Land. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further ecological conservation projects and groundwater resources utilization engineering.This study could provide scientific basis and p

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地 生态环境状况 土地覆被 生态保护 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]