警察行政介入民事领域的正当性及类型化调控  

Legitimacy and Categorized Regulation of Administrative Intervention by Police in the Civil Field

作　　者：陈鹏[1] CHEN Peng

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2022年第4期20-36,共17页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：警察行政介入民事领域的正当性,可归结为维护公共安全和社会秩序、保护个人权利、贯彻服务行政理念三方面。警察的介入行为亦可整合为三种类型:作为警察行政之固有内容的、以维护公共安全和社会秩序为目的的职权性介入,行政法范式变革下以保护个人权利为目的的义务性介入,以及基于服务行政理念的柔性介入。依照辅助性原则,职权性介入应以尊重其他行政机关的优先处理权为前提,义务性介入仅应在个人无法通过民事救济渠道及时实现权利时方可实施,实施柔性介入前亦应评估其他行政机关排除危险以及个人通过民事救济渠道保护权利的可能性。若实定法规范体现了法定主义原则,则警察的职权性介入和义务性介入皆无决定裁量之空间,亦不得以柔性介入取代法律明确规定的介入措施。即便实定法规范体现了便宜主义原则,警察的义务性介入亦受裁量权收缩法理的约束,对职权性介入的规范也可借鉴这一法理。The legitimacy of the administrative intervention by police in the civil field has three main aspects, that is, maintaining public security and social order, protecting individual rights, and implementing the concept of service-oriented administration. Thus police interventions can be classified into three types, that is, the functional intervention as an inherent content of police administration for the purpose of maintaining public security and social order, the obligatory intervention under the administrative law reform paradigm aimed at protecting individual rights, and the flexible intervention based on the concept of service-oriented administration. According to the principle of subsidiarity, functional interventions should be premised on respecting the priority of other administrative agencies’ authorities in handling related matters, obligatory interventions should be performed only when individuals are unable to realize their rights in a timely manner through civil remedies, and, before imposing flexible interventions, the police should also assess the probability of elimination of hazards by other administrative agencies and the possibility of individuals utilizing civil remedies to protect their own rights. If the principle of legalism is embodied by positive law norms, there will be no room for police discretion in functional intervention as well as obligatory intervention, and it will not be allowed to replace the interventional measures clearly stipulated by law with flexible interventions. Even if positive law norms embody the principle of opportunism, the obligatory intervention by the police is constrained by the jurisprudence of the shrink of administrative discretion. This theory can also be drawn on in regulating functional intervention.

关 键 词：警察权 行政介入 服务行政 辅助性原则 便宜主义 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]