晚清时期国人对法院组织的认知  

Chinese People’s Cognition of the Court Organization in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：侯欣一[1] HOU Xinyi

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2022年第4期185-204,共20页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国政法制度形成过程研究”(AFX18-004)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：《南京条约》的签订,标志着中外关系史上不平等条约时代的到来。在中外、主要是中西交往规模逐渐扩大的背景下,国人通过各种渠道开始了对源自于西方的现代法院组织的认知。认知由点到面,大致形成了直观感受、法院组织功能、法院组织价值和操作知识等四个层面。一种文明的器物、公断是非的工具、审判独立以及法院组织法、民事诉讼法及刑事诉讼法之体用集合分别对应着上述四个层面。这些认知,作为一种思想资源或深或浅地影响着现代法院组织在中国的创制及运行。换言之,国人对法院组织的认知水平,以及将这种认知水平发展成一套自主的话语体系,用以适应公、私两域生活方式转变的能力决定着法院组织这一舶来品在古老中国的生存状况。The signing of the Nanjing Treaty marked the advent of the unequal-treaty era in the history of Sino-Western relations. Against the background of the gradual expansion of intercourse between China and the West, Chinese people began to learn about the organization of modern Western courts through various channels. From parts to the whole, these cognitions can be roughly divided into four levels, that is, intuitive feeling, organizational function, institutional value, and operational knowledges. Corresponding to the above four levels of cognition are the following four functions, that is, an implement of civilization, a tool for the judgment of right or wrong, judicial independence, and a set of laws that included court organization law, civil procedure law, and criminal procedure law. These cognitions, as an ideological resource, had either deeply or shallowly affected the creation and operation of the modern court system in China. In other words, the Chinese people’s cognitive level of the court, and the ability to develop this cognitive level into a mature discourse system and to adapt to changes in public and private lives, determined the survival state of the court as an exotic product at that time in this ancient country.

关 键 词：法院认知 法院功能 独立审判 法院组织 诉讼程序 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]