基于蒸发皿蒸发量的椰糠盆栽番茄适宜灌溉量估算与试验  

Estimation and experiment of the suitable irrigation amount of potted tomatoes with coconut bran using pan evaporation

作　　者：刘聪 宫彬彬[2] 高洪波[2] 吕桂云[2] 吴晓蕾[2] 赵峰 霍钊培 张西平[1] Liu Cong;Gong Binbin;Gao Hongbo;Lyu Guiyun;Wu Xiaolei;Zhao Feng;Huo Zhaopei;Zhang Xiping(School of Urban and Rural Construction,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;School of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,保定071000 [2]河北农业大学园艺学院,保定071000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第11期117-124,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326901D);河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目(21626901D);河北农业大学智慧园艺双一流学科群项目(1090061-2)。

摘　　要：目前以实测蒸腾量、田间持水量或累计太阳辐射作为灌水依据建立的温室作物蒸腾模型中,其灌水依据的确定所需监测参数项多,且对监测仪器精度要求较高。基于此,该研究以20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量为灌水依据,设置日光温室椰糠盆栽番茄3个生育时期的不同蒸发皿系数灌水量水平(苗期:0.2(ET1)、0.4(ET2)、0.6(ET3);开花坐果期:0.3(ET1)、0.5(ET2)、0.7(ET3);成熟采摘期:0.7(ET1)、0.9(ET2)、1.1(ET3)),对番茄株产量、水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)及品质进行综合评价,筛选出较优灌水量水平;基于较优灌水量水平建立蒸腾模型,并以其余两个处理实测值对模型进行验证。结果表明:ET2处理株高、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量分别显著高于其他处理8.54%~14.27%、28.61%~32.99%和38.70%~70.83%;相较于ET3处理,ET2处理可在仅降低株产量2.50%情况下提高WUE10.05%和节约灌水量22.23%。对株产量、WUE及品质进行主成分分析,综合得分最高处理为ET2;各因子对日蒸腾量的影响程度大小依次为日累积净辐射(M)、日平均温度(T)、叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI),日蒸腾量与M、T和LAI均呈极显著正相关;该研究基于ET2处理所建立的椰糠栽培番茄蒸腾模型拟合较好,均方根误差为49.88 g,相对误差为11.88%。研究结果可为日光温室椰糠栽培番茄高效生产和智能化灌溉提供科学依据和决策参考。Current transpiration models have commonly used the greenhouse climate as a boundary condition.The measured transpiration,the water holding capacity or the accumulated solar radiation was normally taken as the baseline to determine the irrigation amount of greenhouse crops.But,the determination of the irrigation amount required many monitoring parameters,and the accuracy of the monitoring instrument was relatively high.In this study,the optimal irrigation level was determined for the potted tomatoes with coconut bran in a solar greenhouse using the evaporation of a 20 cm evaporation pan as the baseline.The evaporation pan coefficient and irrigation levels were set in the three growth periods(seedling stage:0.2(ET1),0.4(ET2),and 0.6(ET3);flowering and fruit setting stage:0.3(ET1),0.5(ET2),and 0.7(ET3);fruiting stage:0.7(ET1),0.9(ET2),and 1.1(ET3)).A comprehensive evaluation was made to clarify the effects of the irrigation amount on the tomato yield per plant,Water Use Efficiency(WUE),and fruit quality.A transpiration model was established for the potted tomato grown in the coconut bran in a solar greenhouse using the optimal irrigation water level.Two field tests were conducted to verify the model.The results showed that the nitrate and lycopene contents of ET1 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments by 18.99%-59.19%and 15.47%-30.16%,respectively.The plant height,soluble sugar,and soluble protein contents of ET2 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments by 8.54%-14.27%,28.61%-32.99%,and 38.70%-70.83%,respectively.The growth stage transpiration per plant,the average daily transpiration per plant,the tomato yield per plant,and the total water consumption of ET3 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments by 8.95%-43.49%,15.08%-33.12%,2.50%-19.00%,and 11.71%-18.02%,respectively.The ET2 treatment improved the WUE by 10.05%and saved the irrigation amount by 22.23%with only a 2.50%reduction in the yield per plant,compared with the ET3 treatment.

关 键 词：灌溉 蒸腾 椰糠 蒸发皿蒸发量 通径分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业工程] S641.2