运动改善注意缺陷多动障碍儿童执行功能和注意力的研究进展  

Research Progress of Exercise in Improving Executive Function and Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

作　　者：杨孟超 金鹏[2] 王德新[1] 陈超[1] YANG Mengchao;JIN Peng;WANG Dexin;CHEN Chao(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]南京航空航天大学,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《体育科学》2022年第5期77-87,共11页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究市级项目(C2-2020011);上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室(11DZ2261100)。

摘　　要：执行功能和注意力是注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的核心缺陷,一直备受社会、学校和家庭的深度关注。探究运动改善ADHD儿童执行功能和注意力的影响机制、效果和方法。检索相关研究文献,分析急性、长期运动中运动类型、周期、时长、频次、强度等不同运动变量对ADHD儿童执行功能和注意力的影响。结果表明,通过中等/中高强度的急性、长期的多种方式的运动,均可较为显著改善ADHD儿童的执行功能和注意力,并对ADHD儿童学习表现有所助益。尽管运动改善ADHD儿童执行功能和注意力的效果明显,但更为合理、优化的运动干预方案仍有待继续完善。Executive function and attention are the core defects of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),which has attracted wildly attentions from the society,schools and families.The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms,effectiveness and methods of exercise in improving executive function and attention in ADHD children.Relevant research literature was retrieved to analyze the effects of different exercise variables such as exercise type,period,duration,frequency,intensity,etc.on the executive function and attention of ADHD children in acute and long-term exercise.The results were found that acute and long term multi-sport activities at moderate/high intensity can improve executive function and attention of ADHD children,their academic performance was increased also.Although exercise can improve the executive function and attention of ADHD children,more reasonableand optimal exercise intervention programs areneeded to be improved.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 儿童 运动干预 执行功能 注意力 

分 类 号：G804.55[文化科学—运动人体科学]