中立者之罪与“放弃”——兼论《神曲》文本新解  

The Sin of the Neutral Angels and the Gran Rifiuto in Dante:A New Interpretation of Divine Comedy

作　　者：潘源文 Pan Yuanwen(School of Foreign Studies,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学外语学院,北京100029

出　　处：《外国文学》2022年第4期50-61,共12页Foreign Literature

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(15QN07)。

摘　　要：在《神曲》中,中立天使和无所作为者的灵魂同处“地狱门厅”。但丁从神学文本、异象文本和传奇文学中提炼出中立天使的形象,却改变了俗语文学对中立天使的宽容,将其打回“地狱”。身处“地狱”的天使不仅是神学问题,还构成了但丁对政治现实的论断,其线索是因怯懦而退位的教宗策肋定五世。在但丁看来,这位教宗的退位否定了上帝的意志,属于非法之举,并确认了卜尼法斯八世的僭越之实。根据《炼狱篇》第二十章中休·卡佩所见异象的新解读,但丁对卜尼法斯八世的两次评价并不冲突,对策肋定五世与辛辛纳图斯的“放弃”作出的相反评价,反映了诗人的宗教观与政治伦理观。Dante condemned the neutral angels and the souls of “ignavi” in the antinferno. These angels are the production of Dante’s poetic imagination based on theological writings, vision texts and medieval chanson de geste. The angels were hurled into hell for siding neither with God nor Lucifer. Their presence as a theological question also constitutes Dante’s political judgment on reality. The key to interpreting the image lies in the soul of the “gran rifiuto,” Pope Celestine Ⅴ, who resigned willingly and was imprisoned till death. According to Dante, the resignation of Celestine Ⅴ is an act of rejecting God’s will, confirming the usurpation of Boniface Ⅷ. The new interpretation of the vision of Ugo Capeto in Purgatorio reconciles the textual contradiction regarding the verdict on Boniface Ⅷ. While the “rifiuto” made by Celestine V is condemned by Dante on the theological ground, that of Cincinnatus is highly praised in Convivio. The difference leads to Dante’s orthodoxy and political ethics.

关 键 词：但丁 《神曲》 中立天使 

分 类 号：I546.072[文学—其他各国文学]