有机高分子结晶的表界面效应:从正烷烃到高分子  

Surface/interface effect in crystallization of organic polymers:from normal alkanes to polymers

作　　者：刘国明[1,2] 苏允兰 王笃金[1,2] Guoming Liu;Yunlan Su;Dujin Wang(CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所,工程塑料重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2022年第7期1027-1040,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFE0117800);国家自然科学基金(编号:21873109,21922308)资助项目。

摘　　要：表界面处的物质具有不同于本体的物理性质,表界面物理化学一直是化学和材料科学领域的重要内容.近年来,有机高分子表界面相关的结晶新现象不断涌现,引起了广泛关注.结合本课题组的工作,本文总结了近年来表界面处有机高分子结晶的新结果,探讨了不同体系中丰富的实验现象背后的物理机制.首先介绍了表界面相关的重要概念,包括表(界)面张力、均相和异相成核;其次,以代表性实例梳理了有机高分子表界面的结晶特性,主要包括长链烷烃表面结晶、高分子的预结晶、表面引起的亚稳态增强以及界面吸附对结晶的影响等;再次,探讨了不同结晶现象之间的关联性;最后,对目前表界面结晶领域尚未解决的问题进行了讨论.The matter at surfaces or interfaces exhibits physical properties that differ from the bulk.The physiochemical questions at surfaces/interfaces are of fundamental importance for chemistry and material science.In recent years,new crystallization phenomena related to surfaces/interfaces have emerged and have caused attention.Based on the research work of our team,this article summarizes the recent results on this topic,focusing on the physical mechanism behind the different experiment findings in various systems.First,several basic concepts are introduced,especially surface tension and nucleation.Then,several examples are summarized in detail,including surface freezing of long-chain alkanes,prefreezing of polymers on solid substrates,metastable states enhancement induced by surface freezing,and the impact of surface adsorption on crystallization.After that,the relationships among different surface-related crystallization phenomena are discussed.Finally,the unsolved questions in polymer surface crystallization are proposed.

关 键 词：表界面 烷烃 高分子 结晶 成核 亚稳态 

分 类 号：TQ31[化学工程—高聚物工业]