禽流感疫苗研究进展  

Research Progress of Avian Influenza Vaccine

作　　者：王卫华 平继辉[1] 梅梅[2,3,4] WANG Weihua;PING Jihui;MEI Mei(College of Veterinary Medicine,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014;Institute of Veterinary Immunology Engineering,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014;National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014;Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物医学院,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省农业科学院动物免疫工程研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]江苏省农业科学院国家兽用生物制品工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210014 [4]江苏高校动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国家禽》2022年第7期105-113,共9页China Poultry

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金(CX(21)3141)。

摘　　要：禽流感是由禽流感病毒引起的一种传染性强、危害呼吸系统的人兽共患病,给我国家禽养殖业和公共卫生造成严重威胁。目前,免疫接种是我国防控禽流感的主要措施,其中灭活疫苗应用较为普遍。随着基因工程技术如DNA重组技术、反向遗传学技术及基因编辑技术的发展,禽流感疫苗的研发逐渐从传统的灭活疫苗和弱毒活疫苗向基因工程疫苗过渡。禽流感病毒易发生抗原漂移和抗原转变,针对流行现状进一步更新疫苗株和开发更有效的疫苗对禽流感的防控至关重要。通用型禽流感疫苗能够对多种亚型或亚型内多个分支的禽流感病毒提供更广泛的保护,开发能够提供交叉保护的通用型流感病毒成为大势所趋。文章对禽流感灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、重组活载体疫苗、基因工程亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗和通用型疫苗的研究进展进行阐述,为禽流感疫苗研发提供借鉴。Avian influenza is highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by avian influenza virus,which seriously threatens poultry industry and public health.At present,immunization is the main measure for prevention and control of avian influenza in China,and inactivated vaccines are more commonly used.With the development of genetic engineering technologies such as DNA recombination,reverse genetics,and gene editing technologies,the research and development of avian influenza vaccines has gradually transitioned from traditional inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines to genetic engineering vaccines.Avian influenza virus is prone to antigenic drift and antigenic shifts.Therefore,further update of vaccine strains and development of more effective vaccines are critical to prevention and control of avian influenza.Universal avian influenza vaccines can provide broader protection against multiple subtypes or subtypes of avian influenza viruses,so it has become a general trend to develop universal influenza viruses that can provide cross protection.The research progress of avian influenza inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,recombinant live vector vaccines,genetically engineered subunit vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines and universal avian influenza vaccines were briefly expounded,which would provide reference for production and development of avian influenza vaccines.

关 键 词：禽流感 疫苗 通用型禽流感疫苗 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]