“蛋黄蛋壳”结构纳米电极材料设计及在锂/钠离子/锂硫电池中的应用  

Design and Preparation of Electrode Nanomaterials with “Yolk-Shell” Structure for Lithium/Sodium-Ion/Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

作　　者：李芳远 李俊豪 吴钰洁 石凯祥 刘全兵 彭翃杰 Fangyuan Li;Junhao Li;Yujie Wu;Kaixiang Shi;Quanbing Liu;Hongjie Peng(School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学轻工化工学院,广州510006 [2]电子科技大学,成都611731

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第6期1369-1383,共15页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21975056,U1801257,52002079)资助。

摘　　要：“蛋黄蛋壳”结构纳米材料,具有易于调控的“蛋黄”、“蛋壳”和“空腔”结构,可视作“纳米反应器”,在催化、储能等领域表现出显著的应用潜力。尤其在电化学能源存储和转换方面,该结构纳米电极具有大的比表面积和独特的核壳结构,在充放电过程中可缓解电极的体积变化,提供快速的离子/电子输运通道,强化中间产物的吸附和提升转换反应效率等,能显著提高电极稳定性、倍率性能和循环性能,是一类较为理想的电极材料。本文针对“蛋黄蛋壳”结构纳米电极在锂/钠离子电池、锂硫电池等新兴二次电池领域的实际应用,总结了具有该结构纳米电极的设计与合成策略,包括:模板法、奥斯特瓦尔德熟化、电化学置换、克肯达尔效应等,评述了各种策略的优缺点以及电极材料的应用进展,最后对该类材料在锂/钠体系及锂硫电池二次电池方面的研究与应用前景进行了展望。“Yolk-shell” nanomaterials with adjustable “yolk”, "shell" and "cavity" structures are regarded as "nanoreactors" and have outstanding performance in the application fields of catalysis and energy storage. Especially for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, this type of material has a considerable specific surface area and a special core-shell structure, which could alleviate the volume change of the electrode, provide fast ions/electron transport channels, enhance the adsorption of intermediates, and strengthen the conversion reactions during the charge/discharge process. It can significantly improve electrode stability, rate and cycling performance, which is a relatively ideal electrode material. This article focuses on the application of “yolk-shell” nanostructured electrodes in the field of secondary batteries including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries and summarizes the design and synthesis strategies of this type of nanostructured electrodes, including template method, Ostwald ripening, Galvanic replacement, and Kirkendall effect, presents the advantages and disadvantages of various methods for electrochemical applications, and finally discusses prospects of yolk-shell structure in research and applications of lithium/sodium-based and lithium-sulfur secondary batteries.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 钠离子电池 锂硫电池 蛋黄蛋壳结构制备 纳米电极 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]