Genomic insights into the origin, adaptive evolution, and herbicide resistance of Leptochloa chinensis, a devastating tetraploid weedy grass in rice fields  

作　　者：Lifeng Wang Xuepeng Sun Yajun Peng Ke Chen Shan Wu Yanan Guo Jingyuan Zhang Haona Yang Tao Jin Lamei Wu Xiaomao Zhou Bin Liang Zhenghong Zhao Ducai Liu Zhangjun Fei Lianyang Bai 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China [2]Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China [3]Boyce Thompson Institute,Cornell University,Ithaca,NY 14853,USA [4]College of Horticulture Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China [5]Qingdao Kingagroot Compounds Co.Ltd,Qingdao 266000,China [6]USDA-ARS,Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health,Ithaca,NY 14853,USA

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2022年第6期1045-1058,共14页分子植物（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1700101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32130091 and No.32001923);the science And and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2020WK2014 and No.2020WK2023);the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(kg2106079);the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-16-E19)。

摘　　要：Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis), belonging to the grass subfamily Chloridoideae, is one of the most notorious weeds in rice ecosystems. Here, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly and a genomic variation map of the tetraploid L. chinensis. The L. chinensis genome is derived from two diploid progenitors that diverged ∼10.9 million years ago, and its two subgenomes display neither fractionation bias nor overall gene expression dominance. Comparative genomic analyses reveal substantial genome rearrangements in L. chinensis after its divergence from the common ancestor of Chloridoideae and, together with transcriptome profiling, demonstrate the important contribution of tetraploidization to the gene sources for the herbicide resistance of L. chinensis. Population genomic analyses of 89 accessions from China reveal that L. chinensis accessions collected from southern/southwestern provinces have substantially higher nucleotide diversity than those from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, suggesting that L. chinensis spread in China from the southern/southwestern provinces to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During this spread, L. chinensis developed significantly increased herbicide resistance, accompanied by the selection of numerous genes involved in herbicide resistance. Taken together, our study generated valuable genomic resources for future fundamental research and agricultural management of L. chinensis, and provides significant new insights into the herbicide resistance as well as the origin and adaptive evolution of L. chinensis.

关 键 词：Leptochloa weed sgenome polyploidization genome evolution genetic diversity adaptive selection herbicide resistance 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]