囊泡运输和细胞骨架在植物发育和环境适应中的协同作用  

Synergism of vesicle trafficking and cytoskeleton in plant development and environmental adaption

作　　者：寇晓月 KHOSO Muneer Ahmed 宋扬[1] 李立新[1] KOU Xiaoyue;KHOSO Muneer Ahmed;SONG Yang;LI Lixin(Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,东北盐碱植被恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2022年第6期989-1022,共34页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570246 and 32170279);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572019CT03)。

摘　　要：微管和微丝构成的植物细胞骨架对于植物发育和响应环境刺激至关重要。细胞骨架是高度动态且严格调控的网络,为胞内和胞间的交流与生理活动提供微环境。植物内膜系统由内质网、高尔基体、内体、液泡等膜封闭的细胞器组成。这些细胞器相互联系,完成囊泡运输、增殖、免疫、胁迫应答等细胞活动。内质网是蛋白质合成的平台和分泌途径起始位点。内质网形态和功能的维持主要依赖微丝骨架。真核生物普遍具有内质网-质膜接触位点(EPCS),其功能与内膜动力学、细胞骨架排列以及胞间信号转导密切相关。EPCS还是响应环境刺激的信号平台。由皮层微管和皮层微丝构成的皮层细胞骨架与质膜、细胞壁、植物激素协同作用,调控植物细胞分裂、形态建成和防御。细胞结构与信号之间的相互作用受多种因素以及信号通路的严格调控。简言之,内膜系统与细胞骨架网络协同调控植物发育及其响应并适应环境刺激。本文综述了植物细胞骨架网络和内膜系统在植物发育和防御中的协同作用。Plant cytoskeleton consisting of microtubules(MTs)and actin filaments(AFs)plays diverse irreplaceable roles in plant development and response to environmental stimuli.The cytoskeleton forms a highly dynamic and tightly regulated network which offers microenvironments for intra-and inter-cellular communication and physiological events.Plant endomembrane system is composed of membrane-enclosed compartments including the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),the Golgi apparatus,the endosome,the vacuole,etc.These compartments communicate with each other and are essential for cellular activities such as vesicle trafficking,proliferation,immunity and stress response.The ER is the platform for protein synthesis and the initiation site of secretory pathway.Maintenance of plant ER morphology and dynamics mainly depends on actin cytoskeleton.The ER–plasma membrane(PM)contact site(EPCS)is a common feature in eukaryotic organisms which is implicated in endomembrane dynamics,cytoskeleton organization and intercellular communication.EPCSs also function as signaling platforms response to environmental stimuli.Cortical cytoskeleton composed of cortical MTs(c MTs)and cortical AFs(c AFs)cooperates with the PM,cell wall and phytohormone to regulate plant cell division,morphogenesis and defense.The interplay between the cellular structures and signals is strictly controlled by diverse factors and signaling pathways.In brief,the endomembrane system cooperates with cytoskeleton network for regulation of plant development and environmental stimuli response and adaption.Here,we summarize the current knowledge to highlight the synergism of plant cytoskeleton network and endomembrane system in regulation of plant development and defense.

关 键 词：膜泡运输 细胞骨架网络 内质网-质膜接触位点 细胞壁动力学 生长素运输 防御 成膜体扩张 细胞板 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]