防护林降低沙尘暴风速及农作物损伤的调查分析  

Investigation of Shelterbelt in Reducing Dust Storm Wind Speed and Crops Damage

作　　者：刘开琳[1] 段晓峰[1] 刘淑娟[1] 李学敏[1] 万翔[1] 刘虎俊[1] Liu Kailin;Duan Xiaofeng;Liu Shujuan;Li Xuemin;Wan Xiang;Liu Hujun(Gansu Institute of Desert Control&Gansu Minqin Desert Grassland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《防护林科技》2022年第5期7-11,共5页Protection Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：甘肃省重大项目“八步沙及河西走廊典型风沙区退化防风固沙体系修复关键技术研究与示范”(21ZD4FA010);甘肃省林草局项目“低覆盖度非均匀配置防风固沙林防护效益的风洞实验研究”。

摘　　要：为比较沙漠边缘防护林减轻沙尘暴损伤农作物效果及表现,为沙尘暴防治提供依据,应用定位站的沙尘暴风速观测数据,调查了杨树(Populus gansuensis)林、枣(Ziziphus mauritiana)树林和沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)林防护林结构参数、农作物受害指数和表现,分析了其防护效能。结果表明:沙尘暴经过梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)防风固沙林,其风速降低率平均为46.28%,最大风速降低高度在3 m处。疏透度25%~30%的防护林防护效果较好,玉米受害比例与防护林疏透度自大至小次序一致:杨树林>枣树林>沙枣林。沙枣林防护距离为树高的3.3倍,枣树林为1倍,杨树则只有树高的1/2。沙枣林后玉米的受害比例与杨树林差异显著(P<0.05),3种防护林后作物受害程度差异不显著(P>0.05)。沙尘暴伤害程度为玉米>向日葵>小麦。防护林透风系数及均匀程度决定其防护效果,抗性较强农作物也可减轻沙尘暴损害。To compare the effect and performance of desert edge shelterbelt in reducing dust storm damage to crops,and provide a basis for prevention of dust storm,the data about dust storm wind speed from positioning station were analyzed,including shelterbelt structural parameters of Populus gansuensis forest,Ziziphus mauritiana forest and Elaeagnus angustifolia forest,and crop damage index as well as performance.The results showed that the average reduced rate of speed wind was 46.28%after Haloxylon ammo dendron forest,and the maximum height of wind speed reduced 3 m.The protective effect of the shelterbelt with 25%-30%light penetrating porosity was better,and the proportion of maize damage was the same as with the order of light penetrating porosity:P.gansuensis forest>Z.mauritiana forest>E.angustifolia forest.The protective distance were 3.3 times of the tree height of E.angustifolia forest,1 times of Z.mauritiana forest,and only 1/2 of P.gansuensis forest,respectively.There was a significant difference in the damage degree for maize between E.angustifolia forest and P.gansuensis forest(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in crops damage degree among the three shelterbelts(P>0.05).The damage degree of crops was maize>sunflower>wheat.The wind permeability coefficient and uniformity of shelterbelt determine its protective effect,and the application of crops with strong dust storm resistance can also reduce the damage.

关 键 词：防护林 沙尘暴 农作物 防护距离 受害模式 

分 类 号：S718.56[农业科学—林学] S727.2