山东省农村中小学生用耳行为及听力损伤影响因素分析  

Analysis of ear use behavior and hearing impairment influencing factors of rural primary and middle school students in Shandong

作　　者：庄茂强[1,2] 张迎修 李素云[1] 姜迎[1] 王宝华[3] 褚遵华[1] 赵金山[1] ZHUANG Mao-qiang;ZHANG Ying-xiu;LI Su-yun;JIANG Ying;WANG Bao-hua;CHU Zun-hua;ZHAO Jin-shan(Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014 [2]中国现场流行病学培训项目办公室,北京100050 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心慢病中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2022年第6期522-526,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的 了解山东省农村中小学生用耳现状和听力损伤影响因素,为保护中小学生听力提供基础依据。方法 2019年8—12月,按照分层整群抽样的方法,对山东省16地市5515名曾至少连续使用耳机30 min的农村中小学生进行用耳行为调查。结果 调查对象中12.24%的学生每天使用耳机的平均时间超过1 h,40.68%的学生1周内曾长时间连续使用耳机超过1 h,有25.88%的学生1周内曾长时间连续在需要提高音量的环境中使用耳机,男女生之间的差异均具有统计学意义。感觉自己听声音不如过去清楚的学生比例为13.54%。多因素回归结果显示,相对于每天使用耳机小于1 h,每天使用耳机1~2 h(OR=1.413,95%CI:1.170~1.706)和大于2 h(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.410~2.235)的学生听力损伤率更高,住校(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.042~1.484)、地区经济差(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.043~1.699)、父母双无相对于双亲家庭(OR=1.717,95%CI:1.124~2.622)、耳机总使用年限大于6年相对于小于2年(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.193~2.064)、每天上网大于2 h相对于不上网(OR=1.424,95%CI:1.119~1.812)的学生听力损伤率更高;每天睡眠时间8~10 h相对于不足8 h(OR=0.887,95%CI:0.634~1.240)是听力损伤的保护因素。结论 山东省中小学生耳机使用现状不容乐观,应采取措施减少耳机使用频率,缩短耳机使用时间。Objective To evaluate the current situation of earphone use among rural primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province,and provide a basis for protecting the hearing of them.Methods From August to December 2019,according to the stratified cluster sampling method,the earphone use of 5515 rural primary and middle school students in 16 cities in Shandong were surveyed.Results 12.24% of students use earphones for more than 1 hour on average every day,40.68% of students have used headphones for a long time(over 1 hour)within a week,and 25.88% of students have used headphones for a long time in a noisy environment within a week.The differences between boys and girls are all statistically significant.13.54% of students feel that they do not hear voices as clearly as they used to.The multivariate regression results showed that compared with earphone use for less than 1 hour per day,students of earphone use for 1-2 hours per day(OR=1.413,95%CI:1.170-1.706)and more than 2 hours(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.4102.235)have higher rates of hearing impairment,living in school(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.042-1.484),poor regional economy(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.043-1.699),having no parents compared to two-parent families(OR=1.717,95%CI:1.124-2.622),earphone used for more than 6 years compared to less than 2 years(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.193-2.064),and more than 2 hours online time per day compared to no internet use(OR=1.424,95%CI:1.119-1.812)also have higher rate of hearing impairment;8-10 hours of sleep per day versus less than 8 hours(OR=0.887,95%CI:0.634-1.240)are protective factors for hearing loss.Conclusion The current situation of earphone use among rural students in Shandong is not optimistic.We should take measures to reduce the use frequency and time of earphones.

关 键 词：山东省 中小学生 用耳行为 耳机 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]