基于PBPK模型混苯作业职业病危害的风险评估方法与应用  

Risk assessment method and application of occupational hazards in operation exposed to aromatic mixture based PBPK model

作　　者：郭庆华[1] 李敏嫣[1] 黄德寅[1] 张倩[1] GUO Qing-hua;LI Min-yan;HUANG De-yin;ZHANG Qian(Institute of Occupational Health,Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300051,China)

机构地区：[1]天津渤海化工集团有限责任公司劳动卫生研究所,天津300051

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2022年第3期200-204,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(19ZYPTYS00010)。

摘　　要：目的 研究苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯等混合性有机物职业暴露所致健康危害的定量风险评估方法,预测混苯作业职业暴露所致职业病危害的风险,为实施风险管理提供技术依据。方法 选取某涂料生产企业作为研究对象,依据健康风险评估的基本步骤,考虑苯、甲苯、二甲苯及乙苯在人体内代谢的交互作用,基于PBPK模型模拟上述化学物质混合物同时在人体内的代谢过程,并利用计算机软件求解结果。结果 通过计算得到长期混苯作业有关苯的终生致癌风险值:水性涂料生产线工人7.43×10^(-3),溶剂型涂料生产线工人1.21×10^(-4),两者致癌风险均高于可接受风险水平1×10^(-4);影响中枢神经系统的非致癌风险指数(HI):水性涂料生产线工人1.45~19.06,溶剂型涂料生产线工人0.15~1.69;混苯作业造成中枢神经系统损伤的风险较高,尤其是水性涂料生产线风险极高。结论 本研究建立的工作场所混苯作业职业病危害的风险评估方法可预测苯致癌风险及混合有机物对中枢神经系统影响的非致癌风险范围,为混合性有机物职业暴露所致职业病危害的预防控制提供了技术支持。Objective Study the quantitative risk assessment method of health hazards caused by occupational exposure to aromatic mixture such as benzene,toluene,m-xylene and ethylbenzene,etc.and predict the risk of occupational hazards caused by those exposures,thereby provide a technical basis for risk management.Methods A paint manufacturer was selected as the research object and the basic steps for health risk assessment was taken as well.Considering the metabolism interaction of these aromatic chemicals in human body,the PBPK model was used to simulate the metabolic process of the above aromatic chemicals in human body and the results was solved by computer software.Results The results showed that according to the computer calculation and analysis,the lifetime cancer risks of benzene exposure from long-term aromatic mixture exposed work were as followings:7.43×10^(-3) in workers of water-based coating production line and 1.21×10^(-4) in solvent-based coating production line,both were higher than the acceptable risk level of 1×10^(-4),and the HI of non-cancer risk of affecting central nervous system in workers of water-based coating production line was in the range of 1.45~19.06,which was 0.15~1.69 in workers of solvent-based coating production line,meaning that the risk of central nervous system injury caused by aromatic mixture exposed work was relatively high,especially the work on the water-based coating production line.Conclusion The results suggested that the risk assessment method for occupational hazards from aromatic mixture exposed work established by this study may predict the cancer risk range of benzene and the non-cancer risk range affecting central nervous system of aromatic mixture,thereby provide a technical basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by occupational exposure to mixed aromatic compounds.

关 键 词：混苯作业 混合性有机物 非致癌风险 致癌风险 风险评估 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生] O625.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]