基于生物监测指标的苯乙烯装置低剂量苯职业暴露风险评估  

Risk assessment of occupational exposure to low-dose benzene based on biological monitoring indicators

作　　者：郭庆华[1] 黄德寅[1] 李敏嫣[1] 张倩[1] GUO Qing-hua;HUANG De-yin;LI Min-yan;ZHANG Qian(Institute of Occupational Health,Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300051,China)

机构地区：[1]天津渤海化工集团有限责任公司劳动卫生研究所,天津300051

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2022年第3期205-207,F0003,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(19ZYPTYS00010)。

摘　　要：目的 研究低剂量苯职业暴露的定量风险评估方法,预测苯职业暴露所致白血病等严重职业病危害的风险概率,为实施风险管理提供技术依据。方法 选取某大型化工企业苯乙烯装置苯作业工人作为研究对象,采用生物监测指标浓度与工作场所苯空气浓度的线性拟合,结合职业流行病学历史数据拟合出的剂量-反应模型,得到基于生物监测实测数据的低剂量苯暴露内剂量-反应关系模型,利用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)方法对苯乙烯装置的苯作业工人致癌风险进行风险分析。结果 苯乙烯装置苯作业工人接触的苯浓度低于最低定量浓度,生物标志物检测显示存在低浓度的苯暴露;外操工致癌风险均值为2.30×10^(-4),标准差为为8.90×10^(-6);质检工致癌风险均值为2.30×10^(-4),标准差为8.76×10^(-6);发生白血病的风险高于可接受风险水平,需采取措施降低风险。结论 生物监测实测数据可预警苯等典型化学致癌物长期、低浓度暴露量及产生的潜在健康危害,生物监测方法在建立和提出重点职业病预防控制策略、途径和方法上有明显和无法替代的优势。Objective To study the the quantitative risk assessment method of low-dose benzene occupational exposure,and predict the risk of leukemia and other serious occupational hazards caused by occupational benzene exposure,thereby provide technical basis for the implementation of risk management.Methods The benzene workers in styrene unit of a large chemical enterprise were selected as the research objects,using the linear fitting between the concentration of biological monitoring index and the benzene concentration in the air of workplace combined with the historical occupational epidemiology data,the dose-response model was fitted,thereby the internal-relationship model of low-dose benzene exposure based on the biological monitoring data was gotten,so that the cancer risk caused by benzene exposure in styrene unit might be analysis using Monte Carlo simulation method.Results The results showed that the benzene concentration in air exposed by the workers of styrene plant was below the minimum quantitative concentration,while the detection of biomarkers showed the existence of a low-dose benzene exposure;the mean cancer risk of external operators was 2.30×10^(-4) with standard deviation of 8.90×10^(-6),and the mean cancer risk in quality inspectors was 2.30×10^(-4) with standard deviation of 8.76×10^(-6),the risk of leukemia was higher than the acceptable risk level even when the air benzene concentration was below the minimum quantitative concentration,therefore,the measures should be taken to reduce the risks.Conclusion The results suggested that the biological monitoring data may warn the potential hazards of some typical chemical carcinogens such as benzene through long-term low-dose exposure,and the biological monitoring method showed obvious and irreplaceable advantages in establishing or proposing the prevention and control strategies,ways and methods on key occupational diseases.

关 键 词：生物监测 化学致癌物 苯作业 风险评估 低剂量 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生] O625.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]