风能利用中的空气动力学研究进展Ⅰ:风力机气动特性  

Aerodynamic research progress in wind energyⅠ:Wind turbine aerodynamic characteristics

作　　者：王同光[1] 田琳琳[1] 钟伟[1] 王珑[1] 朱呈勇 WANG Tongguang;TIAN Linlin;ZHONG Wei;WANG Long;ZHU Chengyong(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hi-Tech Research for Wind Turbine Design,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;School of New Energy,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Jiangyin 214443,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学江苏省风力机设计高技术研究重点实验室,南京210016 [2]南京理工大学新能源学院,江阴214443

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2022年第4期1-21,共21页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFE0192600,2019YFB1503700);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(11802122)。

摘　　要：随着世界各国纲领性行业政策的积极制定,风电行业将继续高速发展。风电机组大型化(达到多兆瓦级甚至十兆瓦级)、海洋化(从陆地扩展至海上)、智能化(辅以智能化结构、材料和控制策略)、数字化(精准预测和实时感知调控)是风电发展的大趋势。空气动力学研究作为风力机技术研发的首要任务,由此将面临一系列新的问题和挑战。本文以水平轴风力机为研究对象,就其风能利用中的空气动力学问题进行探讨,本篇为第一部分“风力机气动特性”。首先分析其空气动力学问题的复杂性及原因;然后,针对风力机专用翼型的气动特性、风力机气动特性、现代化风力机设计(特别是海上风电技术、台风问题、大叶片气弹问题)与流动控制等关键空气动力学问题,从理论分析、数值计算、风洞实验和外场测量等多种研究手段与技术着手,对其研究现状及取得的关键进展进行综述和讨论;最后对今后的研究方向进行分析与展望,为大尺寸风力机叶片设计提供参考。With the establishment of national policies around the world,the development of wind industry has been entering its heyday.Wind turbine systems are continuously upsized from megawatt level to multimegawatt class,deployed for both onshore wind power and offshore wind power in diverse sea conditions,intelligentized with smart materials,structures and control strategies,and digitized with precise prediction and state-aware control system.These mainstream trends for wind energy development,in the meanwhile,raise tremendous challenging issues for wind energy research and development.Among them,wind turbine aerodynamics will face new problems and great challenges.As the first review of a sucessive work,this study is mainly focused on the aerodynamics of horizontal-axis wind turbines.An explanation for the aerodynamic complexity is addressed at first.Then,research progress on key aerodynamics issues,such as the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine airfoils and blades,as well as modern wind turbine design(special focus is put on the offshore wind power technology and the inevitable typhoon phenomenon,together with the experienced aeroelastic problem caused by the increasement in wind turbine size)and new flow control strategies are discussed.In this process,recent theoretical,experimental,and numerical studies that have contributed to improve our understanding of wind turbine aerodynamic performance,such as aerodynamic forces,flow fields and flow mechanism,are summarized.Additionally,the strength and limitation of these research approaches are discussed.Possible future research trend is analyzed and prospected,providing some references for large-scale wind turbine blade design.

关 键 词：风能 水平轴风力机 风力机翼型 空气动力学 风力机设计 研究进展 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]