溶剂对聚丙烯腈/纤维素纳米晶复合纤维性能的影响  

Effects of solvents on properties of polyacrylonitrile/cellulose nanocrystalline composite fibers

作　　者：陈秋杉 王海[1] 曲美洁 唐萍[1] 宾月珍[1] CHEN Qiushan;WANG Hai;QU Meijie;TANG Ping;BIN Yuezhen(Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工学院高分子材料系,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2022年第4期1-6,12,共7页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21374014)。

摘　　要：采用硫氰酸钠水溶液(NaSCN/H_(2)O)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)3种溶剂制得聚丙烯腈(PAN)/纤维素纳米晶(CNC)复合纤维,通过紫外分光光度计评价了CNC/溶剂的分散性和分散稳定性,并研究了纤维的聚集态结构及力学性能、吸湿性能。结果表明:CNC在DMF溶剂中分散性最佳,放置24 h稳定性良好;以DMF为溶剂制备的PAN/CNC纤维的CNC结构取向度最高,PAN(100)晶面的晶粒尺寸最小,具有最好的力学性能,断裂强度达到551.3 MPa,较纯PAN纤维提升34%;CNC质量分数为10%的PAN/CNC纤维在25℃、相对湿度80%时的吸湿率比纯PAN纤维提高2.55%。Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)composite fibers were prepared by using three different solvents,namely sodium thiocyanate aqueous solution(NaSCN/H_(2)O),N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAc).The dispersibility and dispersion stability of CNC/solvent were evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,and the aggregation structure,mechanical properties and hygroscopic properties of the fiber were studied.The results showed that CNC had the best dispersion in DMF solvent,and the stability was good after standing for 24 h;PAN/CNC fiber prepared with DMF as solvent had CNC structure with the highest degree of orientation,the lowest grain size on PAN(100)crystal face and the best mechanical properties;and the breaking strength reached 551.3 MPa,34%higher than that of pure PAN fiber;and the moisture absorption of PAN/CNC fiber with 10%CNC by mass fraction was 2.55%higher than that of pure PAN fiber at 25℃and 80%relative humidity.

关 键 词：聚丙烯腈纤维 纤维素纳米晶 复合纤维 聚集态结构 吸湿率 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ342.31[化学工程—化纤工业]