抗战严重困难时期敌后根据地的军事建设  

The Military Construction of the Base Areas Behind the Enemy Lines in Times of Severe Difficulties During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：臧运祜[1] Zang Yunhu(Department of History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期150-160,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：关于抗日根据地的军事建设问题,国内外学界近40年来的专门研究仍然薄弱。中共领导的敌后抗战进入严重困难时期以后,中央军委于1941年11月7日发出的《关于抗日根据地军事建设的指示》,是第一份全面而系统的指导性文件;中共中央不久又提出了抗日根据地“精兵简政”的重要政策。此后到1943年间,中共领导下的陕甘宁、华北及华中各抗日根据地,在贯彻“精兵简政”政策的同时,八路军、新四军的主力部队实行精兵建设、大力发展地方武装与人民武装及其武器装备,敌后抗战渡过了难关,人民抗日力量进入“再上升”阶段。抗战严重困难时期,中共审时度势,果断转变人民军队的发展战略而进行的根据地军事建设,不但适应了经济力量对于战争的决定性作用之历史规律,也是对于根据地生产力的极大解放与促进。八路军、新四军注重质量的精兵建设之路,为人民军队此后的历次精简整编提供了宝贵的历史经验;“三结合”武装力量体制的正式形成,则是中共在抗日根据地军事建设上的巨大成就和一大创新。In regard to the issue of military construction of Anti-Japanese Base Areas, relavant research in the academic circles at home and abroad has been weak for the past 40 years. After the war of resistance behind enemy lines led by the CCP entered into a period of severe difficulties, the Central Military Commission of the CCP issued “The Instructions on the Military Construction of the Anti-Japanese Base Areas” on November 7, 1941, which was the first comprehensive and systematic guiding document. Soon after, the Central Committee of the CCP put forward the important policy of “Better Troops and Simpler Administration” in the Anti-Japanese base areas. From then until 1943, the Anti-Japanese base areas of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, North China and Central China led by the CCP, while implementing the policy of “Better Troops and Simpler Administration”, the main forces of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army carried out the construction of better troops, and vigorously developed the local armed forces and people’s armed forces with their weapons and equipment. By means of the above measures, the Chinese people overcame the difficulties in the backstage battlefields of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the people’s Anti-Japanese forces entered into a stage of “re-rising”. In times of severe difficulties of the Anti-Japanese War, the CCP reviewed the situation and decisively changed the development strategy of the people’s army to carry out the military construction of the base areas, which was not only adapted to the historical law that “Economic strength is the decisive role in the warfare”, but also greatly emancipated and promoted the productivity of the base areas. The Eighth Route Army’s and the New Fourth Army’s quality-oriented construction of better troops provided valuable historical experience for the subsequent streamlining and reorganization of the people’s army. The formalization of the “three-in-one combination” system of armed forces advanced

关 键 词：抗日战争 抗日根据地 军事建设 精兵简政 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]