国际法上的诉权及其在福岛核污水问题中的运用  

Locus Standi in International Law and Its Application to the Issue of Fukushima Nuclear Contaminated Water

作　　者：董世杰 鄢攀曲 Dong Shijie;Yan Panqu

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2022年第4期22-39,共18页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“《联合国海洋法公约》下争议海域环境争端研究及其对中国的启示”的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：按照传统观点,国家应基于受害国的身份来主张诉权。该观点强调受害国的个体权利或利益因国际不法行为而遭受侵害。受害国应与案件结果或者诉求主题事项之间存在某种直接利益。但是,为了保护国际社会共同利益而产生的对世义务突破了传统观点,使得国家在不是受害国的情况下仍能主张诉权。就福岛核污水问题而言,周边邻国若想诉诸《联合国海洋法公约》中的强制程序,既可以基于受害国主张诉权,也可以依据对世义务主张诉权。出于减轻举证难度的诉讼策略考虑,周边邻国可以依据对世义务主张诉权。According to the traditional point,a State is entitled as an injured State to claim locus standi.It emphasizes that the individual rights or interests of injured State have been infringed by internationally wrongful acts.An injured State has to establish any direct interest appertaining to it in the subject-matter of the claims.However,obligations erga omnes,emerging for the protection of common community interests,break through the traditional point and entitle locus standi to States which are not injured States.As for the issue of Fukushima nuclear contaminated water,neighboring States can claim locus standi as injured States or in accordance with obligations erga omnes.Considering the litigation policy of relieving the difficulty of proof,it is appropriate for neighboring States to claim locus standi based on obligations erga omnes.

关 键 词：福岛核污水 保护和保全海洋环境义务 受害国 对世义务 诉权 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]