低温推进剂空间零蒸发贮存技术研究进展  

Advances of Zero Boil-off Technologies for Cryogenic Propellant Storage in Space

作　　者：胡聪 蒋文兵[1] 孙培杰 李鹏 许安易 黄永华[1] HU Cong;JIANG Wenbing;SUN Peijie;LI Peng;XU Anyi;HUANG Yonghua(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Aerospace System Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201108,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240 [2]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201108

出　　处：《载人航天》2022年第4期487-498,共12页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：上海航天先进技术联合研究基金(USCAST2019-4)。

摘　　要：零蒸发贮存技术是未来低温推进剂空间贮存的终极目标。调研了以NASA为主的欧美航天机构所做有关低温推进剂空间零蒸发贮存技术研究,总结归纳出内置冷凝器、低温热管+换热器、喷雾棒+循环泵及大面积冷屏+循环气泵4种主要零蒸发组合方案,从系统分析、机理研究及试验研究等方面总结了它们在结构质量、控压效率、制冷机功耗及寄生漏热等关键参数方面的特点,提出了大冷量空间用低温制冷机是未来低温推进剂长期在轨储存的关键发展方向;需开展大面积冷屏+循环气泵方案的控压能力提升与喷雾棒+循环泵的寄生漏热抑制等关键技术攻关。Zero boil-off(ZBO)technology is the ultimate goal of cryogenic propellant storage in space in the future.The literature of ZBO storage technologies of cryogenic propellant in American and European space agencies(mainly NASA)was surveyed and four main schemes including the condenser embedded inside tank,the cryogenic heat pipe+heat exchanger,the spray bar+circulating pump and the broad area cooling shield+circulating gas pump were summarized.The structural mass,pressure control efficiency,cryocooler power consumption and parasitic heat leakage were analyzed and discussed from the perspectives of system analysis,mechanism research,and experimental study.It was concluded that the development of cryocoolers with large cooling capacity was the trend for this application.It was proposed that the key technologies such as pressure control ability of the broad area cooling shield+circulating gas pump scheme and parasitic heat suppression of the spray bar+circulating pump scheme should be tackled.

关 键 词：低温推进剂 在轨贮存 零蒸发 寄生漏热 低温制冷机 

分 类 号：V511.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]