西学东渐时期西方气象科技在中国的传播及其影响  

The spread of western meteorological science and technology in China during the eastward spread of western learning and its influence

作　　者：张改珍[1] 刘波 ZHANG Gaizhen;LIU Bo(CMA Training Centre,Beijing 100081,China;CMA Communication and Outreach Centre(China Meteorological News),Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局气象宣传与科普中心(中国气象报社),北京100081

出　　处：《气象学报》2022年第4期643-648,共6页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：干部学院2021年重点科研项目“气象干部的气象文化素养”。

摘　　要：从科学(理念)和技术(器物)两个层面系统梳理了西学东渐时期西方气象科技向中国传入的过程,分析研究了西方气象科技输入对中国早期气象事业的推动及知识传播的启蒙作用。明末清初西方气象科技输入在宫廷和士大夫阶层中间产生了一定影响,但并未对中国早期气象事业和知识传播起到实质性、落地性的推动和启蒙作用。晚清民国阶段西学无论从广度或是深度,所起的作用较明末清初阶段大得多。这段历史从以开放的态度对待科学技术引进、注重科学技术本地化、先进的科学技术认识三方面带给人们启示。In order to study the promotion and enlightenment of western meteorological science and technology on China's early meteorological cause and the spread of knowledge,the introduction of western meteorological science and technology into China is analyzed from two levels of science(idea)and technology(artifacts).Western meteorological science and technology,which were being spread to China during late Ming to early Qing Dynasties had certain impacts felt in the Royal Courts and the literati class,did not play a substantial or practical role in promoting and enlightening this country in its early meteorology and knowledge dissemination.In terms of breath and depth,the late Qing was a stage of greater significance than that during late Ming to early Qing in this connection.It brings us inspiration from three aspects:An open attitude towards the introduction of science and technology,an emphasis on the localization of science and technology,and a correct attitude towards science and technology.

关 键 词：西方气象科学技术 西学东渐 中国早期气象事业 中国早期气象知识传播 

分 类 号：P433.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]