表面活性剂增溶洗脱土壤中多环芳烃的效果研究  

Surfactant-Enhanced Solubilization and Elution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

作　　者：袁笑 相雷雷 赵振华[2] 王紫泉 赵之良 李浩 Jean Damascene Harindintwali 卞永荣[1,3] 蒋新 王芳[1,3] YUAN Xiao;XIANG Leilei;ZHAO Zhenhua;WANG Ziquan;ZHAO Zhiliang;LI Hao;Jean Damascene Harindintwali;BIAN Yongrong;JIANG Xin;WANG Fang(State Key Laboratory of Soil&Sustainable Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第8期1885-1892,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1807000,2018YFC1800400);国家自然科学基金重大项目(No.41991333)。

摘　　要：表面活性剂增效洗脱修复技术被广泛应用于土壤修复.本文选取11种非离子型和3种离子型表面活性剂对多环芳烃(PAHs,菲、芘、苯并[a]芘)污染土壤进行洗脱研究,筛选出洗脱效果较好的表面活性剂,并深入探索表面活性剂浓度、洗脱时间、固液比等因素以及表面活性剂的复配对土壤PAHs增效洗脱的影响,旨在比选出一种高效洗脱土壤PAHs的表面活性剂并对其洗脱方法进行优化.结果表明:①表面活性剂浓度为10 g/L、固液比为1∶20条件下,聚氧乙烯醚-10(NSF10)的去除率最高,达到78%;其次为曲拉通X-100(TX-100)和吐温80(TW-80),去除率分别为76.7%和73.4%.②随着表面活性剂添加浓度的增加,土壤PAHs的去除率增大,当表面活性剂浓度超过5 g/L时,PAHs去除率的增幅减缓,可见,5 g/L是相对有效且经济的表面活性剂添加浓度.③当洗脱时间为16 h时,NSF10对PAHs的洗脱达到平衡,继续延长洗脱时间,洗脱效果并未增强.④增加NSF10用量有利于洗脱,固液比1∶40是最优固液比,此时PAHs的去除率已达到固液比为1∶100时的85.2%.⑤非离子表面活性剂NSF10、TX-100、TW-80与阴离子表面活性剂SDS分别以体积比9∶1进行复配时均取得了优于单一活性剂的洗脱效果,NSF10与SDS体积比为7∶3时,增溶洗脱效果最为明显,比单一表面活性剂提高了18.2%.研究显示,NSF10是一种高效的PAHs洗脱剂,添加浓度为5 g/L、洗脱时间为16 h、固液比为1∶40是其最优参数选择,其与SDS以体积比7∶3进行复配可进一步提升增溶洗脱效果.Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology is widely used in soil remediation.In this study,11 types of non-ionic surfactants(including 5 non-ionic biosurfactants)and 3 ionic surfactants(2 anionic and 1 cationic biosurfactants)were selected for the remediation of soil contaminated with PAHs(phenanthrene,pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene).The surfactants with better elution effects were screened,and the effects of factors,such as surfactant concentration,elution time,solid-liquid ratio,and nonionic to anionic surfactant ratio,on the elution of PAHs in soil were further investigated in order to optimize the elution method.The results showed that non-ionic surfactants had a better elution effect on PAHs in soil than ionic surfactants.When the surfactant concentration was 10 g/L and solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶20,the elution rate of polyoxyethylene ether-10(NSF10)reached 78%,followed by Triton X-100(76.7%)and Tween 80(73.4%).The two anionic surfactants,sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS)and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS),had an elution rate of less than 1%for PAHs in soil,which is ineffective.The elution rate of PAHs varied significantly with varying surfactant concentration.As the concentration increased,the elution rate increased linearly.When the concentration increased to 5 g/L,the elution rate increased rapidly.For example,the elution rate of NSF10 increased from 17.9%at 1 g/L to 60.4%at 5 g/L.The elution rate increased by 237.4%when it reached 10 g/L,and the elution rate increased by only 20.2%compared with 5 g/L.When the elution time was 16 h,the elution of PAHs by NSF10 reached equilibrium.When the elution time was extended,the elution effect was not enhanced.Increasing the volume of surfactants improved the elution of PAHs.The solid-liquid ratio of 1∶40 was the optimal solid-liquid ratio.At this ratio,the elution rate was 85.2%of that at a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶100.When non-ionic surfactants(NSF10,TX-100 and TW-80)and anionic surfactant SDS were mixed at a volume ratio of 9∶1,the elution effect was better

关 键 词：土壤 表面活性剂 多环芳烃 洗脱 污染修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]