耐力项目运动员同期训练的急性干扰效应及长期适应现象  

Acute Interference Effect and Long-term Adaptation Phenomenon of Athletes in Endurance Sports During Concurrent Training

作　　者：杜伟 汪军[2] DU Wei;WANG Jun(School of Athletic Sport,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《广州体育学院学报》2022年第2期70-78,共9页Journal of Guangzhou Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0300801)。

摘　　要：目的:通过探讨同期力量和耐力训练的急性干扰效应,了解影响其力量训练的干扰因素;结合耐力项目运动表现的生理学因素,分析长期力量训练对耐力运动表现及其机制的影响;并对自行车和跑步耐力项目的力量训练进行具体讨论,综合力量训练的方法学考量,可为耐力项目运动员如何进行力量训练提供指导意见和科学支撑。方法:文献资料调研法。结果:(1)影响后续力量训练效果的主要决定因素是耐力与其后力量训练的缓解期以及耐力训练方式。如通常在耐力训练8 h以后,对后续力量训练效果不会产生明显干扰效应。由于大负荷力量训练导致较高的生理能耗,会严重影响后续高强度的耐力训练效果,因此需避免在高强度耐力训练前进行大负荷力量训练。(2)长期的力量训练可以改变肌纤维募集模式,改善运动肌肉的血流再分配,以及维持肌纤维蛋白的合成,因而可以延缓长时间运动中的疲劳,增加肌肉力量输出速率等,促进耐力运动表现。(3)耐力运动员训练计划的准备期和提高期主要采用大强度的抗阻训练;在赛前期和比赛期主要采用小强度的爆发力训练;力量训练动作形式专项化,以提高神经系统和动作结构的适应性;先力量训练后耐力训练的顺序安排更佳。结论:耐力训练后8 h再进行力量训练不会对耐力有明显的干扰效应;对于耐力项目运动员,进行长期合理的力量训练,可以促进耐力运动表现。Objective:To explore the acute interference effect of strength and endurance training at the same time,and to understand the interference factors affecting their strength training;Combined with the physiological factors of endurance sports performance,this paper analyzes the influence of long-term strength training on endurance sports performance and its mechanism;It also discusses the strength training of bicycle and running endurance events in detail.The comprehensive strength training methodology can provide guidance and scientific support for endurance athletes on how to carry out strength training.Methods:literature research.Results:(1)The main determinants of the effect of follow-up strength training were endurance,the remission period of strength training and the way of endurance training.For example,after 8 hours of endurance training,there will be no obvious interference effect on the follow-up strength training.As heavy load strength training leads to higher physiological energy consumption,which will seriously affect the effect of subsequent high-intensity endurance training,it is necessary to avoid heavy load strength training before highintensity endurance training.(2)Long term strength training can change the recruitment mode of muscle fibers,improve the redistribution of blood flow of exercise muscles,and maintain the synthesis of muscle fibrin.Therefore,it can delay the fatigue in long-term exercise,increase the output rate of muscle strength,and promote endurance exercise performance.(3)High intensity resistance training is mainly used in the preparation period and improvement period of endurance athletes’training plan;In the early stage and the competition period,it mainly uses the small intensity explosive force training;The movement form of strength training is specialized to improve the adaptability of nervous system and movement structure;The sequence of strength training before endurance training is better.Conclusion:Strength training 8 hours after endurance training will not have obvious

关 键 词：耐力运动表现 有氧训练 力量训练 同期训练 干扰效应 

分 类 号：G812[文化科学—体育学]