父母教养方式对大学生感戴的影响:互惠倾向的中介作用  

Effect of parental rearing style on gratitude in college students:Reciprocal tendency as a mediator

作　　者：梁晓亮 乔骊珠 王晓一 黄晓丽 孙妍 李薇 于振剑 LIANG Xiaoliang;QIAO Lizhu;WANG Xiaoyi(Kailuan Mental Health Center Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学附属开滦精神卫生中心,河北唐山063000 [2]华北理工大学 [3]华北理工大学附属医院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2022年第7期1100-1106,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的:探讨父母教养方式和互惠倾向对大学生感戴水平的影响,以及互惠倾向的中介作用。方法:采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、个体互惠规范量表(PNR)、大学生感戴量表(GRAT)对284名高校本科生进行问卷调查。结果:①在感戴总分上,女生得分显著高于男生(t=-2.36,P<0.05);②父母教养方式中,除父母亲偏爱因子外,其余因子均与感戴总分显著相关(r=-0.466~0.441,P<0.01),正向互惠与感戴总分呈显著正相关(r=0.409,P<0.01);③父亲拒绝、否认、贬低以及母亲惩罚、严厉的父母教养方式显著地负向预测感戴总分(β=-0.282,-0.206;P<0.05);父亲关心理解、情感温暖显著地正向预测感戴总分(β=0.392;P<0.01);④正向互惠显著地正向预测感戴总分(β=0.728;P<0.01);负向互惠显著地负向预测感戴总分(β=-0.515;P<0.01);⑤正向互惠在父亲拒绝、否认、贬低因子(F5)和大学生感戴之间存在部分中介作用;正向互惠在母亲惩罚、严厉因子(M4)和大学生感戴之间也存在部分中介作用。结论:父母教养方式、互惠倾向对大学生感戴水平有重要影响,父母教养方式可独立影响大学生感戴水平,也可通过互惠倾向对大学生感戴产生间接影响。采用恰当的父母教养方式,培养“以德报德”的正向互惠倾向,有助于感戴水平的提升。Objective:To explore the relationship among parental rearing style,reciprocity tendency and the gratitude level of college students,and the possible mediation effect of reciprocity tendency.Methods:A total of 284 undergraduates were investigated with EMBU,PNR and GRAT.Results:①On the total score of gratitude,girls’scores were significantly higher than boys’(t=-2.36,P<0.05);②Except the factor of parental preference,other factors of parental rearing style were significantly correlated with the total score of gratitude(r=-0.466,-0.441,P<0.01),and positive reciprocity had a significantly positive correlation with the total score of gratitude(r=0.409,P<0.01);③Father’s rejection and mother’s punishment could negatively predict the total score of gratitude(β=-0.282,-0.206;P<0.05),while father’s emotion warmth could positively predict the total score of gratitude(β=0.392;P<0.01);④Positive reciprocity could positively predict the total score of gratitude(β=0.728;P<0.01),while negative reciprocity could negatively predict the total score of gratitude(β=-0.515;P<0.01);⑤Positive reciprocity played a part of intermediary role between father’s rejection(F5)and college students’gratitude,and it also played a part of intermediary role between mother’s punishment(M4)and college students’gratitude.Conclusion:Parental rearing styles and reciprocal tendency are closely related to the gratitude level of college students.Parental rearing styles can affect the gratitude level of college students independently,but also indirectly through reciprocal tendency.Adopting appropriate parenting methods and cultivating the positive reciprocal tendency of"repay virtue for virtue"will help to improve the level of gratitude.

关 键 词：父母教养方式 感戴 互惠倾向 正向互惠 负向互惠 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]