不同程度精神残疾患者的致残原因及影响因素  

Comparison of causes of disability and influencing factors of patients at different levels of mental disability

作　　者：孙妍[1] 陈薇[1] 刘云[1] 王莉 李鑫 于振剑[1] 王丽萍[1] 梁晓亮[1] 张顺[1] 马文有[1] SUN Yan;CHEN Wei;LIU Yun(Kailuan Mental Health Center,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]开滦精神卫生中心,河北唐山063001

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2022年第8期1141-1144,共4页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：开滦科技创新项目(编号:W2022-18);河北省医学科学研究课题(编号:20201278)。

摘　　要：目的:分析精神残疾患者不同残疾水平与致残原因及相关影响因素的关系。方法:选取2015年-2018年在某院进行精神残疾评定的806例精神残疾患者进行回顾性分析,精神残疾程度采用世界卫生组织残疾评定量表(WHO-DASⅡ)和适应行为评估,致残原因按照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》第十版(ICD-10)精神与行为障碍诊断要点进行分类。结果:不同精神残疾程度的患者在性别、经济状况和精神病家族史方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);精神残疾患者的残疾程度与婚姻、受教育程度、居住地和致残原因(精神分裂症、心境障碍、神经症性障碍)等因素有关,差异有统计学意义(B=-0.563,1.146,-0.672,1.674,-0.929,-2.245;P<0.05)。已婚、居住城镇的患者残疾程度低(OR=0.57,0.51;95%CI=0.37~0.88,0.36~0.73),小学及以下受教育程度的患者残疾程度高(OR=3.15,95%CI=1.67~5.92)。精神分裂症致残导致的精神残疾最多,是导致重度残疾的危险因素(OR=5.33,95%CI=2.65~10.71);而心境障碍和神经症性障碍致残导致的残疾程度较低(OR=0.39,0.11;95%CI=0.19~0.80,0.02~0.45)。结论:婚姻、教育和城乡的差异以及致残原因是影响精神残疾患者残疾程度的影响因素。Objective:To analyze the relationship between different mental disability levels and disability causes and related influencing factors in patients with mental disability.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 806 patients with mental disability assessed in our hospital from 2015 to 2018.The degree of mental disability was assessed by using the World Health Organization Disability Rating Scale(WHO-DASⅡ)and adaptive behaviour.The causes of disability were classified according to the diagnostic criteria for mental and behavioural disorders in the tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-10).Results:There was no significant difference in gender,economic status and family history of mental illness among patients with different degree of mental disability(P>0.05).The degree of disability of patients with mental disability was related to factors such as marriage,education level,place of residence,and cause of disability(schizophrenia,mood disorder,neurotic disorder),and the difference was statistically significant(B=-0.563,1.146,-0.672,1.674,-0.929,-2.245;P<0.05).Patients who were married and lived in urban areas had lower disability levels(OR=0.57,0.51;95%CI=0.37~0.88,0.36~0.73),while those with primary education or less had higher disability levels(OR=3.15,95%CI=1.67~5.92).Schizophrenia caused the most mental disability and was the risk factor leading to severe disability(OR=5.33,95%CI=2.65~10.71).The degree of disability caused by mood disorders and neurotic disorders was lower(OR=0.39,0.11;95%CI=0.19~0.80,0.02~0.45).Conclusion:Differences in marriage,education and residence as well as the causes of disability are factors that influence the degree of disability of persons with mental disabilities.

关 键 词：精神残疾 致残原因 残疾水平 城镇与农村 

分 类 号：R395.4[哲学宗教—心理学]