控制灌排条件下田间渗漏量与施氮量对水稻产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Deep Percolation and Nitrogen Application on Rice Yields,Qualities and Water-fertilizer Use Efficiency under Controlled Irrigation and Drainage

作　　者：王琼[1] 俞双恩[1] 丁继辉[1] 马韬 陈凯文 王雷 WANG Qiong;YU Shuang-en;DING Ji-hui;MA Tao;CHEN Kai-wen;WANG Lei(College of Agricultural Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Suyu District Water Conservancy Bureau in Suqian City,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]宿迁市宿豫区水利局,宿迁223800

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第8期189-194,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879074);江苏省水利科技项目(2020047,2020048);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX21_0540)。

摘　　要：为探究水稻水肥管理模式,在蒸渗测坑内进行控制灌排条件下田间渗漏量与施氮量组合的水稻栽培试验。试验设置低渗漏量L(3 mm/d)、高渗漏量H(5 mm/d)2个水平,以及全生育期施氮量设置为N0(0 kg/hm^(2))、N1(150 kg/hm^(2))、N2(225 kg/hm^(2))、N3(300 kg/hm^(2))、N4(375 kg/hm^(2))5个水平,共10个处理,研究了不同水氮处理对水稻产量、水氮利用效率及品质的影响。研究结果表明:相同渗漏量处理下,水稻产量随施氮量的提高呈先增大后减小趋势,在L-N2处理时产量达到最高,过量增施氮肥不仅会造成水稻减产,也会使水氮利用效率和食味品质下降;低渗漏量处理表现出一定的增产趋势,同时低渗漏量处理有效提高了田间水分利用效率。整体上低渗漏量条件下N2处理的水氮管理方案最接近目标为高产、优质和高效的理想结果。该研究对加强农田水氮科学管理,提高水氮生产效率,促进资源可持续利用具有重要意义。In order to explore the water and nitrogen management mode of rice,pit rice planting experiments of combining deep percolation and nitrogen application are performed under controlled irrigation and drainage.The experiment is set up with two water treatments,low deep percolation L(3mm/d)and high deep percolation H(5 mm/d),and five levels of nitrogen application at N0(0 kg/hm^(2)),N1(150 kg/hm^(2)),N2(225 kg/hm^(2)),N3(300 kg/hm^(2)),N4(375 kg/hm^(2))for the whole growth period,a total of 10 treatments.The effects of different water and ni‐trogen treatments on rice yield,quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency are explored.The results show that rice yield increases and then de‐creases with the increase in N application under the same deep percolation treatment,and reaches the maximum of L-N2 treatments,exces‐sive nitrogen fertilizer input not only causes lower rice yield,but also decreases water-fertilizer use efficiency and eating quality.The low deep percolation treatment shows a trend of increasing yield compared with the high deep percolation treatment,while the low deep percola‐tion treatment can effectively improve water use efficiency.Overall,the water-nitrogen management mode for the N2 treatment under the low deep percolation conditions is closest to the goal of high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency.This study is of great significance to strengthening the scientific management of water and nitrogen in agricultural fields,improving the water and nitrogen production efficiency and promoting the sustainable use of resources.

关 键 词：水稻 控制灌排 产量 品质 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]