A STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE LIABILITY PROVISION IN THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA  

《民法典》视域下生态环境损害责任的法理剖判

作　　者：Gao Yifei 高一飞(Law School of Zhejiang Gongshang University)

机构地区：[1]Law School of Zhejiang Gongshang University

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2022年第4期61-82,共22页中国法学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang (Project No. XR202208)

摘　　要：A new legal concept,Ecological Damage Liability,appears in articles 1234 and 1235 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China.Differentiating itself from the environmental tort liability,it is mainly characterized by public interest,comprehensiveness and independence.Although these two controversial provisions are of declaratory significance from the perspective of value,they have brought about the ambiguity of the application of these rules in judicial practice.In judicial practice,the author believes that value considerations,causality criteria and relocated burden of proof are important,and suggests replacing the principle of no-fault liability with the principle of fault liability.To be specific,on the one hand,in order to reach an impartial compensation amount by rationalizing the calculation process in the courtroom,the basis for determining liability should be clarified.On the other hand,judges should not rely too much on appraisal reports but fully exercise their judicial discretion.《中华人民共和国民法典》第1234、1235条规定了生态环境损害责任,这一责任具有鲜明的公益性、复合性、独立性特征,展现出和私法意义上环境侵权责任不同的全新特征,并突出了价值宣示的象征意义。由此根据法律责任的基础理论,有必要关注其间的价值判断标准问题,重构举证责任分配和因果关系推定,并以过错责任原则代替无过错责任原则。而在司法实践层面,法官不仅要细化责任落实的司法技术,还应当减少对鉴定结论的依赖,恰切行使自由裁量权。

关 键 词：过错责任原则 自由裁量权 因果关系推定 举证责任分配 环境侵权责任 《民法典》 生态环境损害 价值判断标准 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]