疑难输血患者中红细胞不规则抗体的检测及其回顾性分析  

Detection of irregular red blood cell antibodies in patients with difficult blood transfusion and retrospective analysis

作　　者：徐健[1] 徐煜[1] 曾群娟 XU Jian;XU Yu;ZENG Qun-juan(Dazhou Central Hospital,Dazhou635000,China)

机构地区：[1]达州市中心医院,四川达州635000

出　　处：《中国实验诊断学》2022年第7期1026-1029,共4页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis

基　　金：四川省卫生健康发科研课题17ZD029。

摘　　要：目的 探讨红细胞不规则抗体筛查及鉴定对疑难输血患者的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析达州市中心医院2021年1月1日-2021年12月31日收治198例疑难输血患者血液样本,行红细胞不规则抗体筛查及鉴定,分析疑难输血患者不规则抗体类型,并研究相关临床特征(性别、年龄、妊娠史、输血史等)对不规则抗体产生的影响。结果198例疑难输血患者检出红细胞不规则抗体阳性率为36.36%,其中最常见的红细胞不规则抗体类型为抗-E抗体,占65.28%;男性及女性患者阳性检出率分别为28.57%和42.11%,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);18-40岁、41-60岁以及60岁以上患者阳性检出率分别为28.57%、46.38%及33.33%,不同年龄阶段患者阳性检出率差异不显著(P>0.05);男性有、无输血史患者阳性检出率分别为78.57%、3.57%,组间差异显著(P<0.05);女性有、无输血史患者阳性检出率分别为76.09%、19.12%,有、无妊娠史患者阳性检出率分别为62.75%、25.40%,组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。结论 疑难输血患者红细胞不规则抗体产生以Rh血型系统最常见,其中以抗-E抗体占比最高,妊娠史和输血史是导致疑难输血患者不规则抗体产生的重要因素,临床输血前行不规则抗体筛查及鉴定是保障输血安全、有效的重要环节。Objective To explore the clinical application value of screening and identifying irregular red blood cell antibodies in patients with difficult blood transfusion.Methods The blood samples from 198patients with difficult blood transfusion admitted to Dazhou Central Hospital between January 1,2021and December 31,2021were retrospectively analysis.The irregular red blood cell antibodies were screened and identified.The types of irregular red blood cell antibodies were analyzed.The influence of relevant clinical characteristics(gender,age,pregnancy history,blood transfusion history)on irregular antibody production was studied.Results The positive rate of irregular red blood cell antibodies in this study was 36.36%.The most common type was anti-E antibody,accounting for 65.28%.The positive detection rates of irregular red blood cell antibodies in males and females were 28.57% and 42.11%,without significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).The positive detection rates of irregular red blood cell antibodies in patients aged 18-40,41-60and over 60were 28.57%,46.38% and 33.33%,without significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).The positive detection rates of irregular red blood cell antibodies in male patients with and without transfusion history were 78.57% and 3.57%,with a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The positive detection rates of irregular red blood cell antibodies in female patients with and without transfusion history were 62.75%and25.40%,with a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Irregular red blood cell antibodies are the most common in patients with difficult blood transfusion and Rh blood group system,and the proportion of anti-E antibody is the highest.Pregnancy history and transfusion history are important factors influencing the occurrence of irregular antibodies.Screening and identifying irregular red blood cell antibodies plays an important role in safe and effective blood transfusion.

关 键 词：疑难输血 不规则抗体筛查 抗体鉴定 输血安全 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学] R457.1[医药卫生—临床医学]